[PCS 182] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (37 pages long!)

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The scientific method: observation, hypothesis, experiment, conclusion, reproducibility, a(cid:374)d is it falsi(cid:271)le. What is life: difficult question but life can: Respire: o2 oxidation = oxygen combines with organic molecules and releases chemical energy co2 and h2o out. Environmental requirements for life: mass of star 8mo = supernova + explode. Host star must live enough so that its planets develop biology. Age of our sun/earth system is 4. 54 billion years. First simple earth life occurred ~ 3. 7 billion years ago: massive planets. Jupiter like massive planets beneficial will gravitationally attract deflect incoming comets, meteors, asteroids, that might cause mass extinctions if theu impacted a smaller bio-planet in system: radiation levels. Cells: damages dna, reproduce chaotically, fail to function, radiation sickness (may be fata), mutations may be better adapted to their environment affects evolution of the species. Natural radiation: 3 types: alpha particles = alpha helium nucleus (2 protons, 2 neutrons) Very short-ranged (a few cm) does(cid:374)"t travel very far.

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