[PHL 509] - Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (16 pages long!)

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Reductionism the practice of analyzing and describing a complex phenomenon in terms of phenomena that are held to represent a simpler or more fundamental level, especially when this is said to provide a sufficient explanation. Deficiencies produced by our consumption and waste (eg. food) The choices we make as individuals and as a society. Telling people what to do and why to do it. Supererogatory acts - actions beyond the call of duty , especially praiseworthy. Doing something good for the sake of being a good person. Moral rights - a right to even if it"s not the right thing to do. Good vs bad states of affairs or persons. Consequences: good or bad consequences that flow from an act make it right or wrong. Inherent nature: something in the very nature of a particular act (eg. it"s what you promised ) People can do good but end up bad. Eg. charitable people do it for the praise.

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