PSY 602 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Developmental Psychopathology, Stress Management, Developmental Psychology
21 Nov 2016
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Developmental Psychopathology Midterm #1 Review
Chapter One and Two: Introduction and Psychopathology Perspective
Introduction
- Psychopathy: interfering with adaptation, prevents one from reaching developmental milestones
(adaptational failure)
- Development: changes occurring through life due to biological, psychological and social transactions
- Developmental psychopathology is the linking of developmental psychology and abnormal child psychology,
started with Achenbach in 1974
- Reliance on developmental norms or typical rates of growth, delay says something is wrong as well as
frequency, intensity (abrupt), duration (persisting) and inappropriate behavior/timing
- Use of process approach (stages) and lifespan approach (encompass all ages)
- Interactional models assume that variables interrelate to produce an outcome while transactional models
say development is the result of ongoing transactions between individual and environment
- Developmental psychopathology perspective assumes behaviors emerge gradually through transactions
(transactional model)
- 1.2 million children have mental health issues, 1.9 people diagnosed, 75% say symptoms started before 24,
20% of children receive treatment
- Two views of 19th century were demonology (psychopathology = possessed) and somatogenesis
(psychopathology + bodily malfunction or imbalance, Hippocrates)
- Cultural differences relate to rates and expression > cultural norms
- Gender differences as males are more vulnerable to early onset, more frequently affected, and tend to
display physical aggression while females display relational aggression (gossip); however studies can be
biased towards boys as they are more physically disruptive
Risk and Resilience
- Risk factors increase the likelihood of negative outcomes (ex. insecure attachment, divorce), accumulation of
risks is most important (constellation of risks vs. single risk factors)
- Resilience results in positive outcomes in the face of adversity, originates from personal attributes, family
characteristics and outside support; stem from protective factors
Causal Factors and Processes
- Process-pathways based model says development stems from probabilistic pathways rather than being
linear, can be direct (A>B) or indirect (A>C>B)
- Mediation is when one variable acts on another (direct), moderation refers to the impact of a variable on the
relation between two other variables (indirect, ex. gender or age)
- Necessary cause must be present for disorder to occur, sufficient cause can itself be responsible,
contributing cause is something operating but not fully responsibly
Pathways of Development
- Bowlby says any starting path may have numerous outcomes (multifinality) or two different initial paths
may lead to the same outcome (equifinality), and that pathology occurs through deviation from functional
pathways
- 5 developmental pathways through adolescence are stable adaption (few problems), stable maladaptation
(inadequate resources to relieve them from problems), reversal (maladaptation to positive outcome),
decline (adaptation leads to decline), temporal maladaptation (temporary decline)
Continuity
- There are continuities (straight progression, quantitative) and discontinuities (differences, qualitative)
- Heterotypic continuity is when expression changes in form with development, homotypic continuity is when
a problem is stably expressed in the same way over time
Chapter Three: Biological and Environmental Contexts of Psychopathology
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Chapter one and two: introduction and psychopathology perspective. Psychopathy: interfering with adaptation, prevents one from reaching developmental milestones (adaptational failure) Development: changes occurring through life due to biological, psychological and social transactions. Developmental psychopathology is the linking of developmental psychology and abnormal child psychology, started with achenbach in 1974. Reliance on developmental norms or typical rates of growth, delay says something is wrong as well as frequency, intensity (abrupt), duration (persisting) and inappropriate behavior/timing. Use of process approach (stages) and lifespan approach (encompass all ages) Interactional models assume that variables interrelate to produce an outcome while transactional models say development is the result of ongoing transactions between individual and environment. Developmental psychopathology perspective assumes behaviors emerge gradually through transactions (transactional model) 1. 2 million children have mental health issues, 1. 9 people diagnosed, 75% say symptoms started before 24, Two views of 19th century were demonology (psychopathology = possessed) and somatogenesis (psychopathology + bodily malfunction or imbalance, hippocrates)
