SOC 105 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Ideal Type, Social Psychology, Impression Management
28 Jun 2018
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Department
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Remember definition and differences between social mobility words
Week 1
- sociology
- Sociological imagination
- 5 schools of sociology
- max weber, Cooley, vers, Durkheim
- 4 theoretical frameworks
- starting point and stand point
- objective method
- intersectionality
Week 2
- what is socialization
- agents of socialization
- 3 socialization theoretical frameworks
- schools of socialization
- agents of socialization
- sociobiology
- socialization: Cooley, Goffman and gergen
Week 3
- social inequality
- caste vs class
- capitalism
- Marx and weber: theories of social class
- what is stratification
- forms of status: ascribed status vs. achieved status
- class system: Marx, weber
- theoretical framework
- social mobiutk: open, closed
- schools and social inequality
- ways of understanding poverty
Topic 1
- Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups
- Focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships on people’s attitudes and
behavior and on how societies are established and change
- Study of different groups of people and differences between them
- Big element in some schools of sociology is activism
- Conflict in society pushes change
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Cancer paradox: instead of spending money on reducing cancer, more money is going into
curing it, only 5% of donations are going to preventing cancer
Social construction of knowledge: we gain knowledge from our surroundings
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Social imagination: our own problems are public problems, if 1% is unemployed it is a personal
problem but if 25% is unemployed it’s a society problems and what is causing this
unemployment, education?
Tupac: found out his personal problems are bigger problems as more people are experiencing it
Durkheim: concerned with how suicide rates relate country to country, rates of suicide higher in
times of peace than in times of war, suicide rights will rise or fall in conjunction with power
right
Suicide in sociology: personal issue why did specific person commit suicide but societal issue
what group commits suicide more, what factors cause people to commit suicide (sociological
imagination)
Dorothy smith: protestants commit more suicide, but societies hide suicide, ideas of suicide are
socially constructed
5 schools of sociology
Functionalist: everything in society meets needs of people, if one need is removed society will
collapse. Prison creates a function for prison guards but is dysfunctional, certain institutions
have their own goals, school creates education, someone who commits crime may be
dysfunction of society but also serve a function in society
Conflict: society is made up of groups in constant conflict
Post modern
Feminist
Interactionist
Marx: concerned with social classes and labor rights in an emerging industrial/capitalist world
Socialization: process where people learn the values of society and different institutions
institutionalize you
Twin studies: way people are brought apart and society around them affects the way their
behavior, twins characteristics stayed the same when they were reared apart but
Twins: nature vs nurture, one is not dominant over another as twins had similar and different
characteristics
Understanding of self: without socialization we do not form social identity because we are a
reflection of people we interact with, ex. Grow up with parents and develop traits by them and
what they tell you, realize what you are and are not, if someone tells you, you need practice in
English literature and you do bad on exam you will think I am not good at English literature
Goffman: our life is made up of small performance, we act different ways in front of people and
by yourself, at work you are focused and serious but with friends more outgoing, act different
in front of different groups
Postmodern: we present ourselves different in front of different people, we do not have a self
because it is so fragmented
Capitalism: a countries industries are owned by private groups, state does not make the money
private entities do, pursuit of wealth: more wealth you have more power you have, working
class sells labor, upper class buys labor, system of exchange to create profit, means of
production are tools used to create a product and add value to product then sell on market for
profit
Commodification: turning everything into an item that can be bought or sold, basic idea is you
turn aluminum into ladder and sell product, commodify aluminum
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Dynamics of capitalism: labor control increases productivity and innovation, monopolitism,
globalization, growth
Industrial: people who own more factories and means of production, creation of product
Financial: people who have more money
Major theoretical perspectives
Functionalist
- Think of society as a living organism in which each part of the organism contributes to
its survival
- Emphasizes the way that parts of society are structured to maintain its stability
- Social changes should be slow and evolutionary
- Prostitution performs a function in society, as buyer receives sex without responsibility
for procreation nor sentimental attachment and seller makes a living through this
exchange
Conflict perspective
- Assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of conflict or tension between
and among competing groups
- Social change, spurred by conflict and competition is viewed as desirable
Feminist perspective
- Are varied and diverse, however they argue that women’s inequality is constructed by
our society
- Feminist perspective include both macro and micro levels of analysis
Interactionist perspective
- Is primarily concerned with fundamental or everyday forms of interaction, including
symbols and other types of nonverbal communication
- Social change is ongoing, as individuals are shaped by society and in turn shape it
Important issues/tensions
- Social order and stability vs conflict and change
- Social reform vs scientific research
State as an agent of socialization
- State has a growing impact on the life course
- Family members used to be primary caregivers, but now it is state owned outside
agencies such as hospitals, mental health clinics and insurance companies
- State has a noteworthy impact on the life course by reinstating the rites of passage that
had disappeared in agricultural societies and in periods of early industrialization
- The family’s protective function steadily transferred to outside agencies in 20th century
- The state usurped many of the traditional family functions
- The state re-instituted many rites of passage including stipulating the ages we are
permitted to: drink, drive, vote, retire etc.
Social constructionism
- First person to theorize social constructionism was Karl Marx
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Document Summary
Remember definition and differences between social mobility words. 4 theoretical frameworks starting point and stand point objective method intersectionality. 3 socialization theoretical frameworks schools of socialization agents of socialization sociobiology socialization: cooley, goffman and gergen. Week 3 social inequality caste vs class capitalism. Marx and weber: theories of social class. Ways of understanding poverty forms of status: ascribed status vs. achieved status class system: marx, weber theoretical framework social mobiutk: open, closed schools and social inequality. Sociology is the systematic study of social behavior and human groups. Focuses primarily on the influence of social relationships on people"s attitudes and behavior and on how societies are established and change. Study of different groups of people and differences between them. Big element in some schools of sociology is activism. Cancer paradox: instead of spending money on reducing cancer, more money is going into curing it, only 5% of donations are going to preventing cancer.
