BPK 142 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Muscle, Adipose Tissue, Bone
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BPK 142
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
SOMATOTYPE
I. Body Image
Body image - the picture an individual has of her own body which
she forms in her mind.
Individuals assign qualities of size, shape, and attractiveness to
their bodies in terms of personalized standards which may bear little
relation to actual body characteristics.
Some people love and parade their bodies; others are ashamed of
their bodies and hide them.
The primary determinants of body appearance are (a) the skeleton
(b) muscle (c) fat
II. The Somatotype
The somatotype is a quantitative description of the present structure
and composition of the body. This method of physique classification
was developed by W.H. Sheldon in the 1920's to 1950's.
The real value of somatotyping lies in its contribution toward a better
understanding or the individual.
A. Sheldon's Somatotype
Sheldon designated three primary components of body build:
(1) Endomorphy - refers to the relative predominance of soft
roundness throughout the body.
(2) Mesomorphy - refers to relative predominance of muscle, bone,
and connective tissue.
(3) Ectomorphy - refers to the relative predominance of linearity and
fragility.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Sheldon rated each component on a seven point scale to indicate
it's relative contribution to the total physique. This three numeral
rating of a physique is called the "somatotype".
First numeral = endomorphy
Second numeral = mesomorphy
Third numeral = ectomorphy
Most physiques are dominated by two components.
641 = mesomorphic endomorph
461 = endomorphic mesomorph
244 = mesomorph - ectomorph
333 = balanced
Sheldon studied 15,000 men and identified 88 basic somatotypes.
27 of these somatotypes accounted for 83% of the male population.
B. Male versus Female Somatotypes
On a somatoplot, the distribution of female physique types differs
from the male distribution of physique types – sexual dimorphism.
Females are more endomorphic and less mesomorphic than males.
1976 – 1978 Canadian data. Refer to page in 3-18 in Laboratory
Manual. Average somatotypes for males and females aged 15 to 60
years:
Males: 3.9 – 5.2 – 1.9
Females: 4.7 – 4.0 – 2.2
There are also differences in average somatotypes among ethnic
groups.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Body image - the picture an individual has of her own body which she forms in her mind. Individuals assign qualities of size, shape, and attractiveness to their bodies in terms of personalized standards which may bear little relation to actual body characteristics. Some people love and parade their bodies; others are ashamed of their bodies and hide them. The primary determinants of body appearance are (a) the skeleton (b) muscle (c) fat. The somatotype is a quantitative description of the present structure and composition of the body. This method of physique classification was developed by w. h. The real value of somatotyping lies in its contribution toward a better understanding or the individual: sheldon"s somatotype. Sheldon rated each component on a seven point scale to indicate it"s relative contribution to the total physique. This three numeral rating of a physique is called the somatotype. Sheldon studied 15,000 men and identified 88 basic somatotypes.
