CRIM 101 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Canada, Criminal Justice, Sociology

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CRIM 101
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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Lectue : What is Ciminolog? And the media
Criminology = the scientific study of crime
Crime = an act punishable by law
The discipline of criminology= relatively recent development (Boyd 2015)
Systematic study of crime did not begin until 19th century (i.e. during 1800’s)
Ciminolog in Canada
Discipline of criminology did not become established in Canada until the mid-20th century:
First criminology program in Canada appeared in 1951 (UBC, department of social sciences, but
terminated in 1959)
School of Criminology created (University of Montreal, 1963)
Centre of Criminology created (U of T, 1963)
Department of Criminology established (University of Ottawa, 1967)
School of Criminology established (SFU, 1973)
Ciminolog as an Intedisciplina Social Science
Draws on sociology, psychology, biology, law, geography and economics
Includes the study of law; the history of law, criminalization process, crime prevention and crime
control, policing, corrections and penology
Sociological explanations (anomie-strain theory, social control theory, labelling theory) have
dominated criminology
However, earlier 19th century explanations—e.g., the Positivist School and “criminal man” were
biological or psychological
Ciminalization
Criminologists study the “criminalization” process (how certain behaviors become criminalized
over time and some decriminalized (e.g. abortion, same sex marriage)
Also study the “stigmatization” process how offenders can become ‘demonized' or ‘labelled’.
Stigmatization: the manner in which individuals or groups who do not conform or play by
society’s rules come to be regarded as deviants or social outcasts.
Media tries to stereotype this groups as ‘enemies of society’.
whe 3edia
whe Fascination ith Cime
Crime is popular topic for newspapers, TV shows, books and movies
There is little relationship between crime news and actual amount of crime
Media focus primarily on violent crimes, even though such crimes form only small part of all
criminal activity
Appears as though police solve more crimes and catch more criminals than they do in reality.
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whe Appeal of Cime Stoies
Crime-related stories often dramatic and lurid
Deal with moral questions of good vs evil
Criminals appear in stories as insane, or as dangerous psychopaths
Stories happen in short time span— between newscasts or newspaper editions
Easy for the public to understand
Cime Comics
In 1940s, Canadian government passed a law making it illegal ‘to make, print, publish, distribute
or sell a crime comic’
Section 163 of Criminal Code is still in effect today
Back then, it was believed that crime ‘comics would increase psychopathology among young
people’
”ock & ”oll
Same occurred in entertainment e.g. Elvis Presley, The Beatles, Keith Richard
Influence of whe 3edia
The average child spends watching TV 5+ hours per day, watching TV, movies, playing video
games.
Two-thirds of it involves violence.
By age 18, average child will have seen 200,000 violent acts, and 16,000 murders.
3edia Effects
Social scientists began to study relationship between crime and media between 1960’s and
1970’s.
Early studies of “media effects” suggested that children who watched a lot of violence on TV
were more likely to engage in violence in real life.
Some social scientists have rejected this approach, some still studying it, claiming that
videogames are related to behavioral problems, certain youth predisposed to violence may copy
ideas they see in the media.
Cultual Ciminolog
Cultural criminology is sub-discipline of criminology explores the ‘links’ between culture, crime
and crime control in contemporary life.
Explores cultural meaning of media violence, emphasizing the significance of active audiences.
“Active audiences” means that people do not consume media messages passively; rather the
meaning of the messages is negotiated or constructed actively, through interaction between
those who produces the message and those who consume it.
1960’s and 1970’s: Lots of studies were made trying to identify the relationship between media
consumption and aggression.
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Document Summary

Criminology = the scientific study of crime. Crime = an act punishable by law. The discipline of criminology= relatively recent development (boyd 2015) Systematic study of crime did not begin until 19th century (i. e. during 1800"s) Discipline of criminology did not become established in canada until the mid-20 th century: First criminology program in canada appeared in 1951 (ubc, department of social sciences, but terminated in 1959) School of criminology created (university of montreal, 1963) Centre of criminology created (u of t, 1963) Department of criminology established (university of ottawa, 1967) Draws on sociology, psychology, biology, law, geography and economics. Includes the study of law; the history of law, criminalization process, crime prevention and crime control, policing, corrections and penology. Sociological explanations (anomie-strain theory, social control theory, labelling theory) have dominated criminology. However, earlier 19 th century explanations e. g. , the positivist school and criminal man were biological or psychological.

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