CRIM 413- Midterm Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 55 pages long!)

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What is terrorism: use of violence in order to provoke fear in a larger social group, rather than the target, for political objectives, clandestine/secretive group that is illegal according to the united nations. 18th/19th centuries: nation state most radical country that emerged was united states, created republic. 14th/15th renaissance world was divided into kingdoms and empires, not countries and states: organized by religions, histology: theories of knowledge (was religion) City states wealth comes from international trading and banking. Definition: political ideology opposed to centralized political power, controlled by elites (political, economic, religious) whose objective is to create a state with a decentralized government that is controlled at the local level of community by the average citizen. Emerged in 19th century in opposition to monarchism, capitalism, liberalism/democracy, centralized socialism. Reward working class members who suffered from political oppression. Urban movement associated with dramatic increase in working class neighborhoods.