[LING 222] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (51 pages long)

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Syntactic criteria shows that each word class has unique patterns of distribution. Distribution: certain slots in a sentence can only be filled by words from one word class. Kim looked really ________ . (must be filled by an adjective) Morphosyntax: each word class its own specific set of modifying words. Kim is an unbelievably skilful driver. vs. *kim is an unbelievable skilful driver. Function: each word class has specific roles to other parts of sentences. All languages have nouns and verbs, making these two word classes language universals . Furthermore, these two word classes are open classes (meaning you can keep adding words to these classes. Nouns, verbs and adjectives make up the major lexical categories. All languages have words that express grammatical information. Verbs express predication , which is an event. Intransitive verbs only require one participant; the participant is called the argument, so intransitive verbs are verbs with one argument.