MBB 222 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dna Replication, Peptide, Genetic Code

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burgundycoyote951

14 Nov 2016

School

Simon Fraser University

Department

Molec Biol & Biochem

Course

MBB 222

Professor

Edgar Young

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Document Summary

Genetic information refers to the material (dna sequence of base pairs) that codes for proteins and functional rna that make up an organism. It is located in the nucleus for eukaryotes and in the cytoplasm for prokaryotes. A genotype refers to the specific genetic information in the dna of an organism. Phenotype refers to the actual physical characteristic or trait expressed due to the genotype. A substance made of macromolecules and in this case, dna as it contains genetic information and is a polymer of nucleotides. A particular order of base pairs on a dna molecule. During replication and transcription, a strand(s) will serve as the template to be replicated or transcribed on. U0-05 must dna vs. mrna vs trna. Dna is the primary genetic information in the cell. In 1944, avery/macleod demonstrated the dna is the material that causes bacterial transformation, not proteins. In 1952, hershey/chase demonstrated and confirmed that dna holds the genetic material.

Related Questions

What is DNA?

1. DNA is often referred to as a ladder. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the rungs of the ladder (the steps)?

2. What pieces of the DNA molecule make up the sides of the ladder?

3. What types of bond occurs between the bases in the DNA molecule?

4. What makes up chromosomes? What is Gene?

5. How long does it take 1 cell to copy its genetic information? 6. How does the DNA copy itself so fast? What tricks does it use?

7. Describe how the bonds between base pairs work to hold the DNA strand together

DNA Replication

1. How many genes are in the human genome?

2. What are the differences between mRNA and DNA?

3. Where in the cell does transcription and translation occur? (give both places)

4. Which RNA piece reads the mRNA and how does it do this?

5. What is the start sequence? What amino acid does this code for?

6. What 3 codes tell ribosomal RNA to stop reading and release the protein?

DNA Extraction

1. List three differences between the virtual DNA extraction lab and the banana extraction lab you did last week.

cerisesnail695

Question 11 pts

What is a mutation?

A dangerous alteration in the genes of a living organism.

Any change in the base sequence of an organism's DNA.

Any genetic alteration in an organisms physical appearance.

A broken piece of a DNA molecule.

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Question 21 pts

How many "genetic words" are there in the genetic code formed by combining three DNA bases together?

128

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Question 31 pts

What is the shape of a DNA molecule?

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Question 41 pts

Which of the following is not one of the DNA bases used by living organisms on Earth?

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Question 51 pts

What is the genome of an organism?

The longest of its DNA molecules.

The complete sequence of DNA bases in all its DNA.

The noncoding parts of the DNA.

All the genes in an organism's DNA.

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Question 61 pts

The process by which DNA is copied to be passed on to the next generation of an organism is called:

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Question 71 pts

If every cell in your body has exactly the same DNA, why are brain cells different from muscle cells?

Because they are located in different parts of your body.

Because different types of cells use different pieces of the same DNA.

Because the noncoding DNA behaves differently in different cell types.

Because while all cells in your body may have the same DNA, they have different genomes.

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Question 81 pts

Which kind of extreme environment are psychrophiles able to survive?

Extremely low pressure.

Extreme heat.

Extreme cold.

Extreme acidity.

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Question 91 pts

What are thermophiles ?

Organisms that live in extremely cold conditions.

Organisms that live in extremely hot conditions.

Organisms that live in extremely acidic conditions.

Organisms that can live in highly radioactive environments.

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Question 101 pts

What characteristic is the bacterial species Deinococcus Radiodurans known for?

For being discovered on radio antennas.

For being able to survive high doses of radiation.

For being able to live inside rocks.

For being the first life discovered on Mars.

1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

Nucleic acid structure

2. In transcription, uracil will bond with:

thymine

cytosine

adenine

guanine

Transcription

3. The first team of scientist to document the structure of DNA was:

Franklin and Wilkins

Watson and Crick

Pauling and Chargoff

None of the above

DNA structure

4. Organelles that synthesize protein are:

lysosomes

ribosomes

endoplasmic reticulum

golgi bodies

5. Most of the time in a cell's life, it's DNA is in the form of:

Chromatin

Chromatids

Replicated chromosomes

Spindle fibers

6. Uracil is a nitrogen base that pairs with adenine. Using this information, one could conclude that uracil is a:

Purine

Pyrimidine

Neither a purine or pyrimidine

Not enough information

7. a nucleotide does not consist of a:

polymerase

5-carbon sugar

phosphate group

nitrogen base

8. The genetic code in DNA of an individual depends on the sequence (order) of:

nucleotides

purines only

phosphates

sugars

9. Before a cell divides, it must duplicate its DNA in a process known as:

translation

transformation

transcription

replication

10. The basic unit (building block) of a protein is a (an):

carbohydrate

amino acid

lipid

hydrogen bond

11. Unlike DNA, RNA contains:

deoxyribose

a double strand

phosphates

uracil

12. The structure of DNA was first documented in:

1945

1953

1956

1962

13. In DNA replication, the new molecules produced are:

of unequal length

both assembled in the same direction

built with purines as the backbone

assembled in opposite directions

DNA replication

14. The "backbone" of DNA is composed of:

ribose and phosphates

deoxyribose and phosphates

ribose and uracil

deoxyribose and thymine

DNA structure

15. RNA differs from DNA in which of the following ways?

RNA is single-stranded

RNA contains ribose

RNA does not contain thymine

All of the above

DNA structure

16. Which of the following is NOT required for the transcription process itself?

RNA polymerase

DNA

uracil-containing nucleotides

ribosomes

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MBB 222 Study Guide - Final Guide: Dna Replication, Peptide, Genetic Code

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