PSYC 201W Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Statistical Inference, Standard Deviation, Level Of Measurement
12 Oct 2018
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Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 201W
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Review of week 2:
Falsifiability is a criterion for judging whether a question is ______
• testable
What is a causal inference?
• Temporal order (x before y)
• Covariation (x happens to change y)
• Nothing else can be causing it (all other plausible factors)
What is operationism?
• To measure it or manipulate it
• The exact procedure that we use
• Important so that everyone knows how your testing it (necessary for replication)
• Defining a concept
3 types of scientific claims (types of hypothesis)
• Descriptive (what are the characteristics of this population of interest)
- Surveys, qualitative
- Usually you need this to make more complex claims
• Relational (are these 2 or more variables related)
- X and Y are related or X is predictive of Y
• Causal (does this specific factor or set of factors lead to changes in this outcome)
- Usually like X causes Y
Tutorial 3
Jan 26
Experiments involving human subjects are always social situations
Take into consideration:
- Informed consent
- Deception/debrief
- Confidentiality
- Harm or distress
- Treatment of experimenters
Abstract = last thing you do in your paper
1-2 sentences for each section of your paper
states research problem and hypothesis
250 words or less
describes the methods used
summarizes the major results
gives some indication as to the author conclusions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
make sure you have to state why the reasons the IV might cause changes in your DV
restate hypothesis in results
results:
- how they designed the data – analytic procedure
- descriptive statistics
- inferential procedure
- → can do whatever order
- do a graph or figure to illustrate
- do’t iterpret or talk aout hat the results ea i the results sae it for the
discussion)
discussion:
- can write what the implications of knowing it is true, what does it mean if its not
true
- how does it help the world how will the world take this
March 9th 2016
Describing data
- general goal of data analysis is describing average patterns
- describing data to your readers
1. need measures of central tendency (where are data is situated)
➢ mean
➢ mode
➢ median
2. measures of variability (how spread out the data is)
➢ standard deviation
➢ variance
➢ range
- 4 different scales of measurement (NOIR)
➢ nominal (categorical- simply that they are different) → gender, ethnicity, color of
your shirt
• frequencies
➢ ordinal (categories but where the order matters) → sports team rankings, race
results/1st 2nd 3rd place, birth order
• only have information on direction (person who came in first came
before the 5th place)
• median most useful in this
• likert scales are really ordinal but George says interval
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Falsifiability is a criterion for judging whether a question is ______ testable. What is a causal inference: temporal order (x before y, covariation (x happens to change y, nothing else can be causing it (all other plausible factors) What is operationism: to measure it or manipulate it, the exact procedure that we use, defining a concept. Important so that everyone knows how your testing it (necessary for replication) 3 types of scientific claims (types of hypothesis: descriptive (what are the characteristics of this population of interest) Usually you need this to make more complex claims: relational (are these 2 or more variables related) X and y are related or x is predictive of y: causal (does this specific factor or set of factors lead to changes in this outcome) Experiments involving human subjects are always social situations. Abstract = last thing you do in your paper. 1-2 sentences for each section of your paper states research problem and hypothesis.
