BIO 201 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Mollusca, Collagen
Document Summary
Biol 201: animal biology: structure/function relationship, anatomy and physiology, phylogeny/taxonomy, homology and analogy, evolution, adaptation, convergence and divergence, biological levels of organization, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems. Why study animal diversity: ecology and evolution, protect the environment, understand our origins, economy, food and other resources, rich repository of bioactive compounds, pests, model organisms, physiology, biochemistry, medicine. What is an animal: multicellular, eukaryote, heterotrophic, locomotion (at some point, cell junctions. Animal cells: plant cells have a cell wall, central vacuole, chloroplasts, etc, animal cells have centrioles, no cell wall. 2: have cell walls made of chitin. Toolkit for multicellularity mechanisms that coordinate: development (i. e. hox genes, growth, specialization (tissues, adhesion (tight junctions, desmosomes, etc. , death (apoptosis between digits to form fingers, killing disease, etc. , self- and non-self-recognition (immune system, communication between cells. Successful transition to multicellularity is dependent on: clear benefits from living as a group, policing/control mechanisms that punish cheaters.
