PSYC 1030H Study Guide - Final Guide: Big Five Personality Traits, Raymond Cattell, Preconscious
3 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Psychology Lecture Hints
Personality
Sigmund Freud
●Neuroses: health problems that did not appear to have an organic cause
○System might be paralysis of parts of the body
○Loss of speech
○Blindness
Psychoanalysis Emerges
●“Cathartic method” consisted of the patient talking themselves out of their systems
●To defend, the individual may repress the memory of this event
Study of Dreams
●Consciousness
○Refers to what is in one’s thoughts at any given moment
●Preconscious
○Refers to memories or thought that are not currently conscious
○But can easily be brought into conscious
●Unconscious
○This part of the mind is not responsive to our deliberate efforts of recall
●They are kept out of consciousness by the mechanism of repression
●Analysis of dreams
○During sleep, defenses are lowered
○Unconsciousness material slips through as dreams
○“Royal road to the unconscious”
Psychoanalysis Matures
●Freud “structural” model of personality
●ID
○This compromises the whole of the “psyche’ that is present at birth
○It is instinct and the total supply of psychic energy for the individual
○Sole motivation is to gain pleasure to avoid pain
○Entirely unconscious
●Super-Ego
○The internalized realities (or rules) of the environment
●Ego
○This is the sane and rational part of the mind
○It attempts to form realistic plans of action to satisfactory for all 3 systems
○Some defences can lead to very abnormal behaviour
○A common defence mechanism is projection
○This occurs when a person else an impulse he or she unconsciously wants
Raymond Cattell
●Surface Traits
○The vast number of very specific traits that are inferred from a person’s external
behaviour
●Source Traits
○The small set of basic traits that are identified by studying the relationships
among surface traits
“Big Five” Personality Model
●Robert R. McCrae
●Paul T. Costa
●Extraversion
○Ranges from sociable at one end to reserved at the other
○Loves social attention are happier, live fast-paced lives
●Agreeableness
○Ranges from good-natured at one end to uncooperative at the other
○Agreeable people, well-liked, care about others
●Conscientiousness
○Ranges from well organized to disorganized
○Follow rules and norms, work hard in school, planned life
●Neuroticism
○Calm at one end to nervous at the other
○Mood swings, highly emotional, more fatigued
●Openness to Experience
○Curious to tradition-bound
○More creative, play with big ideas, remember dreams better
Social Behaviour
Role of Beliefs
●Reasoning is often influenced by associated with strong emotions (or moods)
Document Summary
Neuroses : health problems that did not appear to have an organic cause. System might be paralysis of parts of the body. Cathartic method consisted of the patient talking themselves out of their systems. To defend, the individual may repress the memory of this event. Refers to what is in one"s thoughts at any given moment. Refers to memories or thought that are not currently conscious. But can easily be brought into conscious. This part of the mind is not responsive to our deliberate efforts of recall. They are kept out of consciousness by the mechanism of repression. This compromises the whole of the psyche" that is present at birth. It is instinct and the total supply of psychic energy for the individual. Sole motivation is to gain pleasure to avoid pain. The internalized realities (or rules) of the environment. This is the sane and rational part of the mind.
