BIOL107- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 104 pages long!)

I'm looking for a way to learn taxonomy of animals for my bio class. Our lecture is a non-animated powerpoint and just reading isn't enough to help me actually learn the material. My textbook is really good and I take notes to combine with the lectures my professor created but I need something more interactive. Any help would be greatly appreciated!

A plasmid is a short stretch of circularized DNA that ____. (select ALL correct answers)

A) can contain a gene responsible for antibiotic resistance *

B) can become an entirely new and identical daughter cell

C) is used to lubricate the motion of the cell

D) protects the bacterium from attack

E) can be transmitted from one bacterium to another during conjugation *

* I know that A and E are correct, but there is a third answer that I can't seem to figure out would be correct. My textbook and lecture notes don't really cover this topic in-depth.

Can anyone help me answer these in detail please. These are part of material i need to know for my next exam and have no clue about them and cant find anuthing in our lecture notes about them

1. Clonal sequencing methods vs. Shotgun sequencing methods. What are the differences, pros and cons of each?

2. Local vs. Global alignment. Understand the theory of the alignment methods that underlie these types of alignment and be familiar with Needleman–Wunsch and Smith-Waterman.

3. Identify a strand based on the frame (+/-) and what a six-frame translation means

4. What types of sequences are the majority found in GenBank