BIOL107 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Phospholipid, Eukaryote
12 Oct 2018
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Department
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BIOL107
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
BIO 107
Lec. 1
*read lab manual and do quiz*
Organic Molecules:
Escherichia coli (E. Coli)
oVery common in lab / environment (largely studied)
oHow much of the cell is water? 70%
o2% carbohydrates
o55% proteins
o24% nucleic acids
o9% lipids
o6% mixed macromolecules
o3% cofactors
o1% inorganic ions:
Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen (phospholipid example) and can be natural or synthetic
oSome molecules that contain carbon are NOT organic (CO2) – depending on your point of view, Carbon
Dioxide can be seen as organic or not
Is AZT (synthetic antiviral drug) organic? Yes
Human 18.5% carbon – Earth 0.03% carbon
Life is carbon-based because:
o it has a valence of 4
oCarbon cycle (carbon moving around the earth a lot – in the air, ground, form organism to organism)
oYou can make carbon chains and rings (silicon cannot)
Despite there being more silicon on earth, and it also having a valence of 4, silicon cannot make
chains/rings
Polymers: large organic molecules made when monomers are joined into chains
oDimer – two monomers
oOligomer – between two and ten
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
BIO 107
Lec. 1
Dehydration reactions occurs during synthesis (it creates water / water leaves the molecule)
Hydrolysis reactions occurs during break down (add water to break the molecule apart)
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Monomers = monosaccharides
oRibose = 5 carbon monosaccharide C5H10O5
oFormula: CnH2nOn (n can be between 2-7)
oDisaccharides have more than 7n
Do not need to know the structures of other sugars (ONLY RIBOSE) but need to be able to recognize a
monosaccharide or amino acid etc.
5 and 6 carbon monosaccharides are usually in ring structures
Monosaccharides are used as an energy source AND a carbon source
Dimers = disaccharides ---- Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose (energy source / carbon source)
oSucrose formula: C12H22O11 + H2O (dehydration reaction)
Oligomers = oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides = 100s of 1000s of glucose joined together (more than one version of glucose)
oAlpha glucose and Beta glucose (different chemical properties)
oThere are modified glucoses (NAG and NAM)
oEx: glycogen: used for energy storage made of alpha glucose polymer
oEx: starch – glycogen made by a plant (alpha glucose polymer) (SAME THING ^^^)
oEx: cellulose – beta glucose (used to make cell walls in plants)
oEX: Chitin – polymer of NAG (cell walls in yeast and exoskeletons in insects)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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BIOL107 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
70: 2% carbohydrates, 55% proteins, 24% nucleic acids, 9% lipids, 6% mixed macromolecules, 3% cofactors, 1% inorganic ions: Organic molecules contain carbon and hydrogen (phospholipid example) and can be natural or synthetic: some molecules that contain carbon are not organic (co2) depending on your point of view, carbon. Dioxide can be seen as organic or not. Human 18. 5% carbon earth 0. 03% carbon. Life is carbon-based because: it has a valence of 4, carbon cycle (carbon moving around the earth a lot in the air, ground, form organism to organism, you can make carbon chains and rings (silicon cannot) Despite there being more silicon on earth, and it also having a valence of 4, silicon cannot make chains/rings. Polymers: large organic molecules made when monomers are joined into chains: dimer two monomers, oligomer between two and ten. Dehydration reactions occurs during synthesis (it creates water / water leaves the molecule)
