BIOL108 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Evolution, Natural Selection, Dna
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BIOL108
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1
LECTURE #1
* QUIZES EVERY WEDNESDAY IN CLASS – NO MAKE UPS (2 lowest scores will be dropped)
*Chance to earn 5 bonus points on Fridays (if participation mark doesn’t matter if its
right or wrong but sometimes if you get it right it will count as a bonus mark)
COURSE CONCEPTS:
All life on earth is related because it evolved from a common ancestor
Life on earth is diverse but retains many features in common
Science is evidence based, logical process by which humans can uncover natural
explanations for NATURAL phenomea
Diversity of life on earth arose through EVOLUTION (main concept)
Earth is a very diverse place (possibly 200 million species yet to be found – still lots to
study and discover)
Just as we are learning about things, they are becoming threatened or destroyed by
human activity which creates the urgency to study biodiversity (before it is destroyed /
eliminated)
oResource exploitation
oConversion of land
oPollution
oTransport of species (including invasive species)
oGlobal climate change
oExtinction rate has increases as human population rate increases (extinction
rate = 6x faster than its ever been)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Direct value of biodiversity: cancer treatments (periwinkle), antibiotics (fungi),
agriculture value
oAlthough these are now synthetic, they were originally discovered through
natural means
Indirect value:
oEcosystem services:
Biogeochemical cycles (movement and cycling or matter through a
system
Nutrient cycling (decomposers)
Regulate climate (carbon cycle)
Water cycling (ground water recharge, evaporation, transpiration)
Prevent soil erosion
Ecotourism ($$$)
Nitrogen cycle
LEVEL OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANZIATION: Molecules – atoms – organelles – cells – tissues –
organs / organ systems – organism – populations – communities – ecosystems – the
biosphere
oPopulations: a group of individuals of the same species – several populations
form a community
oCommunity + physical environment = ecosystem
Unifying theme: explanations of the natural world are theories
oTheories / natural laws are well supported by evidence, withstood rigorous
scientific testing, challenge and debate (numerous experiments conducted by
multiple scientists – proven)
oTHEORY OF NATURAL SELECTION
Charles Darwin
oTheory: body of knowledge (not a hypothesis)
Types of questions: “proximate” vs. “ultimate”
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
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BIOL108 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
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Document Summary
* quizes every wednesday in class no make ups (2 lowest scores will be dropped) *chance to earn 5 bonus points on fridays (if participation mark doesn"t matter if its right or wrong but sometimes if you get it right it will count as a bonus mark) Life on earth is diverse but retains many features in common. Science is evidence based, logical process by which humans can uncover natural explanations for natural phenomea. Diversity of life on earth arose through evolution (main concept) Earth is a very diverse place (possibly 200 million species yet to be found still lots to study and discover) Direct value of biodiversity: cancer treatments (periwinkle), antibiotics (fungi), agriculture value: although these are now synthetic, they were originally discovered through natural means. Biogeochemical cycles (movement and cycling or matter through a system. Water cycling (ground water recharge, evaporation, transpiration)
