BIOL208 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Aposematism, Interspecific Competition
30 Apr 2018
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Midterm(2(Review(Session!
• Geometric!and!exponential!population!growth!do!not!consider!carrying(capacity!
• Geometric:!Parents!aren’t!around,!offspring!are!
• Exponential:!Parents!and!offspring!are!around!
o Both(occur(when(there(is(an(abundance(of(resources(!
• Know!rates!vs.!discreet!values!!
• Logistic(population(growths!consider!resource(limitations!
• No!equation!for!interspecific!competition!!
• Numerical!response!is!how!prey!influences!predator!
• Functional!response!=!ingestion!rate!of!the!predator!!
• Compartment!Models!!
o d!=!natural!death!
o 𝛂!=!death!by!disease!! !
o Understand!the!dynamics!of!disease,!which!is!represented!by!the!compartmental!
models!!
• Species!interactions!can!start!as!mutualism!but!can!shift!into!different!types!of!
interactions!!
o Exploitation!goes!with!predation,!herbivory,!parasitism!!
§ Exploitation!vs!parasitism!
• Individuals!are!oblivious!to!the!fact!that!they!are!being!parasitized!
in!exploitation!!
o Obligate!mutualism!
§ It’s!not!beneficial!to!one!species!to!become!a!parasite,!because!it!would!
backfire!on!them!because!the!other!species’!fitness!would!be!go!down!
since!the!first!species’!fitness!is!dependent!on!the!other!species’!fitness!!
o Why!mutualism!<->!parasitism?!Fitness!of!more!than!one!species!is!involved!!
§ Ex.!Two!species!of!coral!and!one!species!of!xanthellae!
§ Ex.!Two!species!of!acacia!and!two!species!of!ants!
• Parasitic!ants,!can!switch(out(species(if(they(become(parasitic(!
• Rank(in(Abundance(!
o Graph!
§ Richness!=!5!!
• Even!community!for!B!
• Higher!slope!for!A,!so!less!evenness!!
• Mullerian!mimicry!
o All!organisms!have!aposematic!coloration!!!
• Batesian!mimicry!!
o Only!the!ones!that!are!poisonous!have!aposematic!coloration.!The!others!are!
just!mimics!!
• Estimating!rates!–!only!for!discrete!generations!(so!plants)!
o The!x,!nx,!mx,!lx!
Document Summary
Individuals are oblivious to the fact that they are being parasitized in exploitation: obligate mutualism. Fitness of more than one species is involved. Two species of coral and one species of xanthellae. Two species of acacia and two species of ants: parasitic ants, can switch out species if they become parasitic, rank in abundance, graph. Richness = 5: even community for b, higher slope for a, so less evenness, mullerian mimicry, all organisms have aposematic coloration, batesian mimicry, only the ones that are poisonous have aposematic coloration.
