IMIN200 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Provirus, Integrase

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erinant143

29 Sep 2015

School

University of Alberta

Department

Immunology and Infection

Course

IMIN200

Professor

Csaba Szepesvari

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Document Summary

And so it produces _________level of transcription of provirus: when rna transcripts are multiply spliced, it allows translation of early genes such as ___________ and, ___________ increases transport of singly spliced or unspliced viral rna to cytoplasm, _____________ amplifies transcription of viral rna, the late protein ___________, ___________ and _____________ are translated and assembled into virus particles, which bud, from the cell. (peg, hiv infected t cell is releasing __________, where it is infecting other cells, on average hiv 1 produces ______ mutation on average for each rna.

Related Questions

1
Which of the following is a component of the HIV virus ?
A
DNA
B
Capsid
C
Nucleus
D
CD4 receptor
Answered
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2
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2
What is the function of Reverse Transcriptase?
A
To insert the viral RNA into the host DNA.
B
To make an RNA copy of the viral RNA.
C
To make an RNA copy of the viral DNA.
D
To make a DNA copy of the viral RNA.
E
To insert the viral DNA into the host DNA.
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3
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3
Which of the following stages describes a HIV patient in who has a large number of severe opportunistic infections?
A
Primary HIV infection-lasts for a few weeks
B
Clinically asymptomatic stage-lasts for an average of ten years
C
Symptomatic HIV infection
D
Clinical AIDS
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4
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4
Which of the following individuals should be tested for HIV?
A
A newborn child
B
Alex, who studies excessively
C
Sarah, who takes birth control
D
Joe, who uses intravenous steroids
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5
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5
Harry engaged in risky activity that may have lead to exposure to HIV. Two and a half weeks later, he had an HIV test done and it showed a positive result. Which test most likely was done?
A
CD4 test
B
HIV antibody test
C
PCR test
D
Viral load test
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6
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6
How does an Integrase inhibitor work against the HIV virus?
A
It inhibits the generation of viral DNA from viral RNA.
B
It prevents the entry of HIV into the host cell.
C
It inhibits viral proteins from being inserted into new virus particles.
D
It prevents viral DNA from being inserted into host DNA.
E
It prevents the generation of new viral proteins.
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7
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7
How does a Protease inhibitor work to treat HIV infection?
A
It prevents the release of new viral particles.
B
It cleaves viral proteins interfering with their function.
C
It prevents the cleavage of host DNA preventing viral DNA from being inserted into host DNA.
D
It cleaves Reverse transcriptase preventing the generation of viral DNA.
E
It prevents the binding of gp120 to the CD4 protein.
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8
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8
Which of the following describes a combination therapy for HIV infected persons?
A
A preparation used for stimulating a viral response in the body.
B
A single drug given to HIV infected people since interactions with other medications may promote complications in treatment.
C
A drug cocktail-or-combination of antiviral drugs given to HIV infected people since they can be more effective than when given individually
D
A preparation used for stimulating an immune response in the body.
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9
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9
answerable question reference
For HIV to reproduce, which of the following is most critical?
A
Infecting new subjects
B
Producing a Provirus
C
Entering the host cells
D
Taking over the function of DNA in the cell
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10
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10
HIV is a virus which has the following characteristic?
A
It takes of the RNA of the host cell which subsequently by way of transcription and translation makes new virus
B
It attacks the RNA of the host cell causing cellular death
C
It attacks the DNA of the host cell causing cellular death
D
It takes over the DNA of the host cell which subsequently by way of transcription and translation makes new virus

Below is a paragraph describing HIV infection as they relate to the progress of infection. Please help choose the correct answer in each parentheses.

HIV initially infects (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells. These are helper T cells that activate (CD4+ or ,CD8+ or, B) cytotoxic T cells and (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells which produce antibodies. If HIV kills (CD4+, or CD8+) T cells then they cannot to do their job of activating these cells thus causing HIV infected people to be immunocompromised. Sometimes HIV infected people enter a latency period where the virus is inactive. This latency period can last for several years. During latency HIV (DNA, or RNA) becomes integrated into the (CD4+ or CD8+, or B) host cells genome and stops producing viral HIV RNA and new HIV virions. However, for some unknown reason, HIV comes out of dormancy and the viral (RNA, or DNA ) that was integrated in the (CD4+ , or CD8+,) T cell genome begins to transcribe more viral (DNA , or RNA) to make more viral (DNA, or RNA) using the host cells machinery. The viral (DNA, or RNA) then gets translated by host cell ribosomes to make viral proteins that eventually become packaged into new HIV virions. Consequently, after the latency period HIV becomes activated in the host cell. These cells present HIV antigen on their cell surface and alert (CD8+ or CD4+ or B) cells to kill them. As they are killed the infected (CD4+, or CD8+, or B) cells release the HIV virions into the blood stream to infect other (CD4+ or CD8+) cells such as macrophages and dendritic cells. This explains why after latency we see (CD4+, or CD8+) T cells continue to decrease while at the same time viral (DNA, or RNA) levels increase.

Based on your answers to the fill in paragraph, which statement is true?

A. Once active in CD8+ T cells, HIV can now replicate with impunity and infect other cells which explains the increase in HIV RNA after latency.

B. The increase in active HIV after latency accounts for why HIV can remain dormant for years after the initial infection.

C. CD4+ levels stabilize after the latency period and explain why there is little increase in HIV RNA levels.

D. Opportunist infections can occur after HIV latency because there are very few helper T cells to left to activate cytotoxic T cells and B cells to mount an immune response.

1. A mutation in the gene encoding the integrase enzyme rendersthe protein non-functional. How would the affect the HIV infectioncycle?

Formation of the provirus would bestopped.

Reverse transcription would nolonger be possible.

The gp120 glycoprotein would nolonger be able to bind to the CCR5 receptor.

Cutting and assembling the capsid would be halted.

2. If the viral gene is AUGCCCAGG and the mRNA used to make theviral protein is UACGGGUCC, then the virus is a :

Negative strand RNA virus

Double stranded DNA virus

Retrovirus

Positive strand RNA virus

3. Would treating prions with enzymes that digest nucleotides bean effective neutralization method?

No, prions lack amino acids.

Yes, prion nucleic acids would besusceptible to enzymatic digestion.

No, prions lack phosphodiesterbonds and would not be subject to digestion by these types ofenzymes.

Yes, the bonds between the amino acids would be hydrolyzed.

4. Most Americans born before 1970 have a permanent scar ontheir shoulders from the smallpox vaccine. Why don't youngerAmericans have one?

Smallpox has been eradicated by aworldwide vaccination program.

Smallpox is no longer lethal.

A safer less damaging vaccine wasdeveloped in the early 1970's.

The vaccine is no longer effective due to antigenic shift.

5. What kind of pathogen would retain its ability to causeinfections after being treated with powerful proteolytic chemicalsthat would destroy all proteinaceous material?

A viroid

6. Select all of the false statements concerning AIDS.

AIDS kills the patient.

Patients die as a result ofopportunistic infections.

AIDS shuts down the immunesystem.

HIV therapy (HAART) can clear thevirus from the bloodstream.

HIV therapy (HAART) can clear the virus from the patient'sbody.

7. Why do viruses only infect specific types of cells?

Viruses only attack epithelialcells, such as the cells lining the lungs.

If a host cell is weakened, viruseshave an easier time infecting it.

The initial choice is random butonce a cell type is chosen it becomes the preferred host.

The host cells have the correctsurface receptor that the virus can fit into.

Viruses infect the first cells they encounter.

8. Nucleotide analogs are a class of drugs that are highlyeffective against many types of viruses. They work by halting thereplication of viral genes. They are equally effective at stoppingthe spread of prion diseases.

True

False

9. An experimental chemical has been shown to selectively cleavephosphodiester bonds. How would the affect a virus?

Dissociate the envelope

Fragment the genome

Hydrolyze the protein coating

Alter the host binding site

Digest the capsid

10. HIV uses cell surface receptors to enter host cells. Whydoes switching from a CCR5 co-receptor to a CXCR4 co-receptoreventually shut down the immune system?

	Macrophages have CCR5co-receptors.
	T-helper cells have CXCR4co-receptors.
	T-helper cells are not involved incoordinating immune responses.
	Only macrophages are killed byHIV.

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IMIN200 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Provirus, Integrase

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