MATH225 : Notes Done in LaTeX
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1. 1. 2 length or norm, and unit vector . We can consider u rn as an n 1 matrix and hence ut will be a 1 n matrix u = ut =(cid:2) u1 u1 un. Note that u v is a 1 1 matrix and we can think of it just as a real number. The inner product can also be re ered to as dot product. Orthogonality u v = ut v u v =(cid:2) 1 2 (cid:3)(cid:20) 4. 6 (cid:21) u v = 4 + 12 u v = 8 v u = vt u. 2 (cid:21) v u =(cid:2) 4 6 (cid:3)(cid:20) 1 v u = 4 + 12 v u = 8. 1 u = u = (cid:2) 1 2 (cid:3)(cid:20) 1. As a result: (c1u1 + + cpup) v = c1 (u1 v) + + cp (up v) The length (or norm) of u rn is the non-negative scalar ||u|| de ned by u = .