PSYCO239 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Trait Theory, Toilet Training, Test Act
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYCO239
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Introduction to Behaviour Modification
Research Focus:
How Can Behaviour Modification Procedures Decrease Drunk Driving?:!
•Examples of Modelling Prompts in everyday life: !
•*Harvard School promoted a campaign to promote the new social concept of the
“designated driver”.!
•A designated driver: someone who abstains or refrains themselves from
alcohol to be able to drive other people home who have been drinking. !
•Harvard School influenced TV networks to promote the concept of a “designated
driver“. eg. characters on Cheers, The Crosby Show, and L.A. Law were designated
drivers.!
•More TV networks started promoting this as well.!
•Tested people before watching the shows that promoted designated drivers, and
after, to see if there is a change and influence in the results. !
•The amount of designated drivers went up, and less alcohol-related traffic fatalities
(accidents due to alcohol drinking) were happening. !
•New research did a similar experiment but with recycling instead. !
What is Behaviour?:
•Behaviour: a simple action that can be:!
-Overt: objectively measurable. eg. verbal (using language), or motor (using
the body).
-Covert: not directly observable, but doesn’t mean that they don’t have any
overt behaviours, covert behaviours are inferred (coming from or concluded
information from evidence and reasoning rather than from experimented
statements) from overt behaviours. // Can also be called “private events”,
eg. thoughts and feelings. !
•Target Behaviour: the behaviour that we have targeted to change, the modified
behaviour.
•Response: an occurrence or instance of a particular behaviour.
find more resources at oneclass.com
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•Response Class: a group of responses with the same function but are slightly
different behaviours, but just belong to the same response class. eg. drinking water
from a cup, a bottle, or with a straw — different behaviours but same function and
class.!
•Repertoire: indicates all the behaviours that you, as an individual, can perform.
Behaviour is Not:!
•a personality trait. eg. honest, introverted, etc. !
•diagnostic label. eg. depression, bipolar disorder, any mental illnesses!
•products of behaviour. eg. losing weight.!
•Dead Man Test: “If a dead man can do it, then it ain’t behaviour, and if a dead man
can’t do it, then it is a behaviour”.!
Behaviour and Environment:!
Behaviours and the Environment Can Interact:!
•We can’t understand behaviour without understanding the environment as well —
you must know the “cause” of a particular behaviour before changing it.!
•Behaviours can affect the environment, and the environment can also affect
behaviour.!
•Environmental Consequences of a behaviour can affect different behaviours.!
•Remember:!
-Independent Variable: the variables that we change in an experiment!
-Dependent Variable: the response of the changed independent variables. !
Science, Psychology, & Behaviour:!
*Psychology: the scientific study of human behaviour and mental processing*.!
Psychology Has Three Different Aspects:!
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
How can behaviour modi cation procedures decrease drunk driving: examples of modelling prompts in everyday life, *harvard school promoted a campaign to promote the new social concept of the. What is behaviour: behaviour: a simple action that can be: Overt: objectively measurable. eg. verbal (using language), or motor (using the body). Covert: not directly observable, but doesn"t mean that they don"t have any overt behaviours, covert behaviours are inferred (coming from or concluded information from evidence and reasoning rather than from experimented statements) from overt behaviours. Independent variable: the variables that we change in an experiment. Dependent variable: the response of the changed independent variables. *psychology: the scienti c study of human behaviour and mental processing*. Psychology has three di erent aspects: theoretical: people who do a lot of thinking and try to do a lot of brainstorming. Myths and misconceptions about b-mod: using rewards is bribery .
