KNES 259 Study Guide - Final Guide: Troponin, Myoglobin, Exocytosis

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Chapter 12 membrane potentials & action potentials. Neurons + muscles = excitable (rapid membrane potential changes); neurons vs. nerves; hormones to communicate! 5 parts (dendrites, cell body, axon hillock, axon, axon terminals), 3 types (bipolar, pseudo-unipolar, multipolar) 2 important proteins that (cid:373)o(cid:448)e o(cid:374) (cid:862)(cid:373)i(cid:272)(cid:396)otu(cid:271)ule (cid:396)ails(cid:863) (dyneins move 2 retrograde + kinesins move 3 anterograde) [key ion] differences across plasma membrane (in all organisms) membrane potential. Na+/k+ atpase to move 3na+ out & 2k+ in. Membrane potential = electrical potential difference across membrane. Rmp in non-excitable tissues + resting excitable tissue; pos outside and neg insides; measured with 2 electrodes. Movement of ions depends on 3 factors (permeability, electrical gradient, concentration gradient) Ena= +60mv (gradients work together), ek= -85mv (opposing gradients); if only that ion was to move, equilibrium would be reached at that value. Steps of action potential: 1) rmp (leakage), 2) depolarization (na+ in), 3) repolarization (k+ out), 4) hyperpolarization (k+ close slowly extra)

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