[SOCI 313] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam (28 pages long!)

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What is theory: an explanation of observed regularities or patterns. Purpose(s) of research: to assess the adequacy of a particular social theory, to gather information to create social theory, to understand pressing social problems, to explore personal experience. Relational statements (variables: deterministic statements, probabilistic statements. Deductive method: using deduction, one begins with a theory or explanation for something, then goes out into the world and tests it, theory -> observations/findings, figure 1. 1. Inductive method: using induction, one begins with observations, then builds a theory to account for the observations, observations/findings -> theory, sometimes inductive research is iterative: The researcher goes back and forth from the data to the theory or explanation. Problem: sometimes leads only to empirical generalization: deriving theories or explanations from qualitative data is sometimes called grounded theory. The data has primacy over theory because the theme and the concepts emerge from looking at the data after it has been collected.

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