ANSC 4050 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Genome, Dna
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANSC 4050
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Biotechnology in Animal Science
ANSC * 4050
biotechnology – the applications that uses biological organisms, or derivatives to make or
modify products or processes to provide improved commodities
→ Evets of Biotehology i Histoy
3rd century BC – manufacture of beer in Egypt
1857 – fermentation description by Louise Pasteur
1928 – penicillin discovery by Alexander Fleming
1945 – identification of many more antibiotics
Approaches in Biotehology i the 4’s
screening/selection → identification of organisms which are capable of antibiotic production
optimization of production procedure → media, culture conditions
• this is limited by trial and error approach and requires long time to achieve the goal
1973 – Cohen and Boyer developed the tehiue of ut ad paste DNA to podue lage
aouts of DNA ad foeig poteis i ateiu
1977 – the first human protein – somatostatin – was produced in E.coli
1982 – the first human protein on the market
late ’s – transgenic animals as bioreactor
1990 – gene therapy – Ashanthi deSilva (adenosine deaminase gene mutation)
1999 – safety issue; Jesse Gelsinger
2004 – The United Nation Food and Agriculture Organization stating biotechnology is a
complementary tool to traditional farming methods that can help poor farmers and consumers
in developing nations
2008 – Trachea derived from patient bone marrow cell transplanted into human recipient
(donor trachea was decellularized and used as scaffolding)
• no signs of rejection or immunological issues
• patient was healthy for five years
2010 – The J. Craig Venter Institute created the first synthetic cell; Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-
syn1.0
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
→ potential applications: biofuels, vaccines, antibiotics, synthetic pharmaceutical agents
2012 – Trachea derived from stem cells transplanted into human recipient
• the Y shaped framework for the new trachea was made of polymers that had a spongy
and flexible texture
2016 – By the same team – JCVI-syn3.0
• divides every three hours
• each cell contains just 473 genes (half of the syn1.0) – fewer than any other
independent organism
• the function of 149 genes is unknown but essential
significance:
-designing and building a minimal genome
-unique model to study gene function
2017 – FDA approved a genetically-modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy
Appoahes i Biotehology fo id ’s –
1. Identification of genes with the function of interest
2. Cloning of the gene into expression construct
3. Express the recombinant protein in the desired organism
4. Optimizing the expression system: promoter, signal sequence, regulatory sequence
5. Protein engineering
6. Organ generation, synthesizing new organism
→ Major Factors Influencing the Direction and Development of Biotechnology
1. Reseahes’ iagination
2. Market demand
3. Ethic issues
4. Governmental regulations
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Ansc * 4050 biotechnology the applications that uses biological organisms, or derivatives to make or modify products or processes to provide improved commodities. 3rd century bc manufacture of beer in egypt. 1973 cohen and boyer developed the te(cid:272)h(cid:374)i(cid:395)ue of (cid:862)(cid:272)ut a(cid:374)d paste(cid:863) dna to p(cid:396)odu(cid:272)e la(cid:396)ge a(cid:373)ou(cid:374)ts of dna a(cid:374)d (cid:862)fo(cid:396)eig(cid:374) p(cid:396)otei(cid:374)s(cid:863) i(cid:374) (cid:271)a(cid:272)te(cid:396)iu(cid:373) 1977 the first human protein somatostatin was produced in e. coli. 1982 the first human protein on the market late (cid:1005)(cid:1013)(cid:1012)(cid:1004)"s transgenic animals as bioreactor. 1990 gene therapy ashanthi desilva (adenosine deaminase gene mutation) 2004 the united nation food and agriculture organization stating biotechnology is a complementary tool to traditional farming methods that can help poor farmers and consumers in developing nations. 2008 trachea derived from patient bone marrow cell transplanted into human recipient (donor trachea was decellularized and used as scaffolding: no signs of rejection or immunological issues, patient was healthy for five years.
