BIOL 1080 Study Guide - Final Guide: Triglyceride, Vascular Resistance, Chemical Warfare

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11 Apr 2016

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That is, high velocities are associated with small surface areas, and low velocities are associated with large surface areas. This statement is: true, false, during muscle contraction, local metabolites act to vasodilate arterioles supplying the working muscle(s). Suddenly, dr. dyck jumps out from behind a large tree, and predictably, you"re completely freaked out and your heart rates increases as you begin to run away. 2: an increase in epinephrine, an increase in norepinephrine, an increase in dopamine, an increase in acetylcholine, during exercise, an increase in sympathetic nervous system activity leads to vasoconstriction in most vascular beds. This does not happen in the contracting (active) skeletal muscle, due to the effect of locally produced metabolites. What effect would the increase in these three hormones all. Assume this would take about 35-40 minutes if run at close to 80% of your maximal aerobic capacity (and you"re in good shape!).

Related Questions

11. Which type of immunityoccurs as a response to illness or vaccination?

	Acquired active
	Acquired passive
	Natural

12. What are the uniquecharacteristics of the immune system?

	repository, recognition, defense
	self recognition, specificity, memory
	interception, defense, notification
	specificity, memory, defense

13. Which of the followingis not one of the three unique characteristics ofthe immune system?

	memory
	sensitivity
	specificity
	self-recognition

14. Which of the followingis an age related change associated with the immune system?

	Increase in the number of macrophages and monocytes
	The thymus continues to produce the same number of T cells withage
	The rate of B-cell production declines with age
	Immune memory declines with aging

15. A decrease in ________secretion causes a lowering of blood volume and blood pressure andan increase is body osmotic pressure.

	FSH
	GH
	LDH
	T3
	ADH

16. Which of the followingstatements regarding antibodies is true?

	they destroy antigens by engulfing them
	IgA activates the complement system
	IgE antibodies release histamine and cause inflammation
	Antibodies are manufacture and by platelets

17. Which condition causesautoimmune damage to receptors for acetylcholine at theneuromuscular junction?

	Multiple sclerosis
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Myasthenia gravis
	Crohn's disease

18. Which is true inregards to Immune memory?

	the number of memory cells increase with age due to the fact thebody has been exposed to numerous antigens throughout life
	the strength of the memory cells is not altered with aging butthe speed in which the memory cells responds decreases with age
	the function of the memory cells is not really altered until thepatient reaches approximately eighty years of age
	less decline in the ability to maintain memory that was producedduring youth or young adulthood, as oppose to memory that came onin older adulthood

19. All of the followingare ways to minimize the undesirable effects of aging on our immunesystem, except what?

	diet low in complex carbs
	regular vaccinations
	seek early treatment when ill
	wearing sun protection

20. Which type of immunesystem cell is formed from an unspecialized lymphocyte because ofthe influence of the thymus on the lymphocyte?

	A-Cell
	D-Cell
	G-Cell
	M-Cell
	T-Cell

11. Which condition causes autoimmune damage toreceptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction?

	Multiple sclerosis
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Myasthenia gravis
	Crohn's disease

12. Which is true in regards to Immune memory?

	the number of memory cells increase with age due to the factthe body has been exposed to numerous antigens throughout life
	the strength of the memory cells is not altered with aging butthe speed in which the memory cells responds decreases withage
	the function of the memory cells is not really altered untilthe patient reaches approximately eighty years of age
	less decline in the ability to maintain memory that wasproduced during youth or young adulthood, as oppose to memory thatcame on in older adulthood

13. Which type of immunity occurs as a response toillness or vaccination?

	Acquired active
	Acquired passive
	Natural

14. A decrease in ________ secretion causes alowering of blood volume and blood pressure and an increase is bodyosmotic pressure.

	FSH
	GH
	LDH
	T3
	ADH

15. Which of the following is notone of the three unique characteristics of the immune system?

	memory
	sensitivity
	specificity
	self-recognition

16. Which of the following is an age related changeassociated with the immune system?

	Increase in the number of macrophages and monocytes
	The thymus continues to produce the same number of T cells withage
	The rate of B-cell production declines with age
	Immune memory declines with aging

17. All of the following are ways to minimize theundesirable effects of aging on our immune system, except what?

	diet low in complex carbs
	regular vaccinations
	seek early treatment when ill
	wearing sun protection

18. Which of the following statements regardingantibodies is true?

	they destroy antigens by engulfing them
	IgA activates the complement system
	IgE antibodies release histamine and cause inflammation
	Antibodies are manufacture and by platelets

19. What are the unique characteristics of the immunesystem?

	repository, recognition, defense
	self recognition, specificity, memory
	interception, defense, notification
	specificity, memory, defense

20. Which type of immune system cell is formed froman unspecialized lymphocyte because of the influence of the thymuson the lymphocyte?

	A-Cell
	D-Cell
	G-Cell
	M-Cell
	T-Cell

plumreindeer686

1. Select which of the following are mechanisms used by pathogens to avoid host defenses and to successfully colonize the host.

A. Producing siderphores to obtain iron from the host for growth

B. producing adhesins for damaging host cells

C. Avoiding IgA proteases for avoiding secretory IgA

D. Avoiding secretory IgA by rapid turnover of pili

E. Producing toxic substances to suppress host responses

2. People considered obese have a different normal flora in the gastrointestinal tract compared to people who are considered lean.

A. true

B. false

3. Which of the following is NOT a mechanism used by pathogens for avoiding or surviving phagocytosis?

A. Killing macrophages and neutrophils

B. Colonizing the phagocyte

C. inhibiting opsonization

D. Inhibiting phagocte chemotaxis

E. these are all methods of avoiding or surviving phagocytosis

4.Which of the following immune responses is best suited to prevent a virus from infecting a cell?

A. complement cascade

B. inflammation

C. Virus-specific antibodies

D. Fever

E. phagocytic cells

5. Which of the following is NOT a method used by pathogens for penetrating skin or mucous membranes?

A. Injection of effector proteins that induce endocytosis

B. Exploiting antigen-sampling processes

C. these are all mechanisms for penetrating skin or mucous membranes

D. Exploiting an injury

E. Production of endotoxin

6. Antibodies, which are produced as part of the adaptive immune response, can sometimes be damaging rather than beneficial. People suffering from an autoimmune disease called antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS) make antibodies that bind to phospholipids. Some of the signs and symptoms affected individuals experience are blood clots, stroke, heart attack, and kidney damage. What is the likely cause of these symptoms?

A. the anti-phospholipid antibodies cuse immune complexes that lodge in the affected organs

B. The person fails to make protective antibodies

C. The anti-phospholipid antibodies weaken certain organs that contain fat

D. the person makes antibodies that bind inappropriately to bacterial capsules, preventing phagocytosis of these cells

E. Cell damage caused by binding of these antibodies initates inappropriate coagulation events which inferfere with blood flow in affected organs.

7. Only Gram-positive bacteria produce exotoxins

A. true

B. False

8. Which of the following members of the normal microbiota inhibit the growth of Candida albicans?

A. Lactobacilus species

B. Staphylococci species

C. E. coli

D. Neisseria species

E. Propionibacterium species

9. Would an antibody response against the B subunit of an A-B toxin protect against the effects of the toxin?

A. yes. if antibodies bind to the B protion, the toxin can no longer bind to target cells and will thus not affect those cells

B. No, even if antibodies bindto the B portion of the toxin, it is the A portion that actually causes damage to the cell

C. This question cannot be answer. The immune system does not mount a strong response against proteins, so this situation is unlikely to occur.

D. Yes, if antibodies bind to the B protein, that portion of the toxin does not become activated, and thus does not damage the host cell

E. No, even if antiibodies bind to the B portion of the toxin, the toxin is still taken into the host cell by phagocytosis, damaging that cell

10. Please select the correct definition of balanced pathogenicity.

A. A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host, causing maximal harm. The pathogen becomes more virulent while the host becomes increasingly susceptible.

B. A mechanism that allows bacteria to transfer gene products directly into host cells, inducing changes such as altering the cell's cytoskeleton structure

C. A generated balance in the microbiome that may be caused by taking antimicrobial medication. it generally helps the host maintain optimal health

D. A situation in which an abnormally high number of T-helper cells are stimulated, causing a massive release of cytokines.

E. A host-parasite relationship in which the parasite persists in the host while causing minimal harm. The pathogen becomes less virulent while the host becomes less susceptible

11. Bacteria may survive phagocytosis by

A. preventing encounters with phagocytes AND preventing fusion of two pathogosomes

B. avoiding recognition and attachment of lymphocytes AND lysinf the phagosomes

C. preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules

D. lysing the phagosome AND mimicking host molecules

E. preventing fusion of the lysosome with the phagosome AND lysing the phagosome

BIOL 1080 Study Guide - Final Guide: Triglyceride, Vascular Resistance, Chemical Warfare

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