BIOL 1090 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Protein, Dna, Gene
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
BIOL 1090
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
o ROS (peroxisomes)
o ER (endoplasmic reticulum)
o nucleus
o Plasma membrane
Biology 1090 Lecture 1
The Cell
• Robert Hooke is credited with naming of the cell
• Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovered unicellular animals when examining a drop of water
o Named these animals: animalcules
The Cell Theory
• The cell is the structural unit of life
• All organisms are composed of 1 or more cell types
• Cells can arise only by the division of a pre-existing cell
• If the genetic material is not found within the nucleus (scattered around the cell) tells us that
the organism is from before the nucleus was formed
o Nucleus— Karyon
o If the organism is lacking a nucleus structure then it is considered a prokaryote
o if the organism has a nucleus structure then it is considered a eukaryote
• Some Organelles that are found within the cell:
o Golgi body
o centrosome
o mitochondrion
o vesicles
o In plant cells there are also chloroplasts (plastids) and a cell wall
• Electron microscope is what allowed us to look obtain a higher resolution to examine
minuscule organisms
Basic Properties of Cells
• Highly complex and organized
• Activity controlled by a genetic program
• Can reproduce— make copies of themselves
• Assimilate and utilize energy
• Carry out many chemical reactions — enzymes
• Engage in mechanical activities
• Respond to stimuli
• Capable of self-regulation
• A cell size is 10-6 m
• The way DNA is packaged is how you distinguish a prokaryotic from a eukaryotic cell
• Compartments: Membrane bound structures dedicated to a particular function
• Components: non bound by membrane
Two classes of cells on Earth
• Prokaryotic
o Bacteria
o Structurally simpler
• Eukaryotic
o Protists, fungi, plants, animals
o Structurally more complex
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
IdP Team: 0706 J. Braham(ID#****649),!N. Cabanaw (ID#****198), Z. Chan (ID#****327), B. Corbett (ID#****231)
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find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
The cell: robert hooke is credited with naming of the cell, antonie van leeuwenhoek discovered unicellular (cid:1684)animals(cid:1685) when examining a drop of water, named these animals: (cid:1688)animalcules(cid:1689) Two classes of cells on earth: prokaryotic, bacteria, structurally simpler. Idp team: 0706 j. braham(id#****649), n. cabanaw (id#****198), z. chan (id#****327), b. corbett (id#****231) Eukaryotic cells contain a large number of parts: compartments: membrane bound structures dedicated to a particular function and components not bound by membranes. Proteins can come together reversibly: membrane assembly and modification, cholesterol regulates membrane fluidity, alters packing and flexibility of lipids. If added to a liquid crystal membrane, fluidity will decrease. If added to a crystalline gel membrane, fluidity will increase. The fluid-mosaic model of biological membranes: fluid: individual lipid molecules move, mosaic: diverse (cid:858)particles(cid:859) penetrate the lipid layer. Structure of biological membranes: fluid-mosaic model, bilayer of amphipathic (having hydrophobic (non-polar) and hydrophilic (polar) regions) lipids, proteins: integral (transmembrane, peripheral, lipid-anchored, components are mobile and can interact.
