BIOM 3200 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Liver, Gastrointestinal Tract, Extracellular Fluid

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Physiology: the study of biological function: emphasis on mechanisms that involve cause-and-effect sequences, descriptions of the structures involved in mechanisms = anatomy. Indirectly involved systems: musculo-skeletal system acquisition and consumption of food and water, temperature regulation, water/electrolyte regulation, nutrient regulation etc. Insulin lowers blood glucose while other hormones raise blood glucose: heart rate, stimulating one group of nerve fibres increase heart rate while stimulating another group decreases heart rate. Positive feedback: action of effectors amplifies those changes that stimulated the effectors, ex. Estrogen secreted by ovaries stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete luteinizing hormone lh surge that triggers ovulation: note that estrogen secretion after ovulation has an inhibitory, negative feedback on lh secretion, ex. Contraction of uterus during childbirth: stimulated by pituitary hormone oxytocin; oxytocin is increased by sensory feedback from contractions, strength of contractions is increased through positive feedback.

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