[BIOM 4030] - Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes fot the exam (30 pages long!)

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Biomedical Sciences
• Course: BIOM 4030
• Professor: Pawel Bartlewski

Document Summary

Not connected to ducts, secrete product into blood. Cells secrete insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide (70-80%) And chains linked by 2 disulfide bridges. Degraded by hydrolysis of disulfide bridges and proteolysis in kidney and liver. Short half life (3-5 minutes) due to instability of disulfide bridges. Cause amyloid deposits in pancreas during disease. Inhibits bicarbonate and enzyme secretion by exocrine pancreas. Dependent on metabolic status, not neural input. Hyperglycemia, leucine, arginine and pns (vagal) stimulation promote insulin secretion. Glucagon stimulates a small release of insulin to promote uptake of glucose by cells. Glicentin, oxyntomodulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 & 2. All released in intestines irt meal and stimulate insulin secretion, suppress appetite. Can improve insulin sensitivity, can be as effective at stimulating insulin as glucose. Insulin release: glucose uptake by cells via glut 2, converted to glucose-6-phosphate, increased atp, k +channels blocked, change in voltage opens ca2+ channels, ca2+ binds myofibrils which contract to release insulin.