BIOM 3200 Study Guide - Final Guide: Adenylyl Cyclase, Motor Neuron, T-Tubule

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pinkcheetah941

19 Dec 2017

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The synapse is a functional connection between a neuron and a second cell. In electrical synapses, the action potential is passed directly from one cell to the next via connections known as gap junctions. Chemical synapses involve the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic cell, which bind to receptors on the postsynaptic cell. This bind facilitates the production of a new action potential. (ch. Identify different neuronal connections including: axodendritic, axosomatic, and axoaxonic. Axodendritic: a synaptic connection between the axon of one neuron and the dendrite of a second neuron. Axosomatic: a synaptic connection between the axon of one neuron and the cell body (soma) of a second neuron. Axoaxonic: a synaptic connection between the axon of one neuron and the axon of a second neuron (ch. Identify components of the synapse including: neurotransmitters, pre-synaptic membrane, post-synaptic membrane, synaptic cleft, terminal bouton, synaptic vesicles. Neurotransmitters: neurotransmitters are stored within synaptic vesicles located in the presynaptic axon terminals.

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From the following list, select all options that are correctwith respect to the synapse.

Question 5 options:

A)	the synapse is the site where the plasma membrane that coversthe axon terminal of one neuron makes direct contact with and fusesto the plasma membrane on the cell body or dendrite of anotherneuron

B)	the action potential travels through extracellular fluid in thesynapse to get from one neuron to the next

C)	presynaptic nerve terminals release chemical messengers into thesynapse in response to arrival of an action potential

D)	signaling molecules in the synapse can be broken down by enzymesthat are present on the post synaptic cell membrane

E)	signaling molecules in the synapse can bind to 're-uptake'receptors and be taken back into the presynaptic neuron forbreakdown or for repackaging/reuse

F)	signaling molecules can be taken into and degraded within thepostsynaptic cell

G)	signaling molecules in the synapse function as chemicalmessengers that regulate the opening of ligand-gated channels inthe plasma membranes of post synaptic cells

graymink444

The junction specialized for the transmission between a neuron and another cell is called a (1) _____ ______. Usually, the signal being sent to the receiving cell is carried by chemical messengers called (2) _____. (3) _____ is an example of this type of chemical messenger, which diffuses across the synaptic cleft, combines with protein receptor molecules on the muscle cell membrane, and soon thereafter is rapidly broken down by enzymes. At an (4) ____ synapse, the membrane potential is driven toward the threshold value and increases the likelihood that depolarization and an action potential will occur. At an (5) ____ synapse, the membrane potential is driven away form the threshold value, and the receiving neuron becomes hyperpolarized and is less likely to achieve an action potential. A specific transmitter substance can have either excitatory or inhibitory effects depending on which type of protein channel it opens up in the (6) ____ membrane. (7) ____ are neuromodulators that inhibit perceptions of pain and may have roles in memory and learning, emotional states, temperature regulation, and sexual behavior. (8) ____ ________ at the cellular level is the moment-by-moment tallying of all excitatory and inhibitory signals acting on a neuron. Incoming information is (9) ____ by the cell bodies, and the charge differences across the membranes are either enhanced or inhibited. Some narrow-diameter neurons are wrapped in lipid-rich (10) _______ produced by specialized neuroglial called Schwann cells; each of these is separated from the next by a(n) (11) ________ ________ - a small gap where the axon is exposed to extracellular fluid. A (12) ____ is an involuntary sequence of events elicited by a stimulus. During a (13) _______ ________, a muscle contracts involuntary whenever conditions cause a stretch in length; many of these help you maintain an upright posture despite small shifts in balance. Imbalances can occur at chemical synapses; a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium tetani blocks the release of GABA and glycine, thus freeing the motor neurons from (14) _____ control, which may cause tetanus â a prolonged, spastic paralysis that can lead to death. A. Excitatory H. Stretch reflex B. Inhibitory I. Summed C. Myelin J. Neurotransmitters D. Chemical synapse K. Postsynaptic E. Synaptic integration L. Endorphins F. Exposed node M. Acetylcholine (ACh)

lilacchinchilla331

i choose aba for those 3 neuroscience question. but could any one help me if i got right?

5. Patch clamp studies have demonstrated that the following is trueâ¦

a. individual channels carry currents that do not predict the macroscopic current carried by the entire population in an axon

b. ion selectivity varies greatly among individual channels of a particular type (e.g. voltage-gated sodium channels)

c. channel behavior includes random fluctuations

d. individual voltage-gated sodium and potassium channels always open when the membrane is depolarized

7. The following is true regarding membrane property known as thresholdâ¦

a. it is primarily determined by the phospholipid composition of the membrane

b. it is strongly dependent upon the voltage-dependence of the voltage-gated sodium channels

c. it usually occurs when the membrane is hyperpolarized beyond the resting potential

d. it occurs when there is less depolarizing current than the leakage currents e. mutations in the sodium channel S4 domain would not be expected to influence threshold

8. Which of the following is a potential advantage of electrical synapses over chemical synapses?

a. their strength can be modulated at many different steps of synapse function

b. neurotransmitters can bind to distinct receptor types present at the same synapse

c. they can allow second messengers to pass between neurons

d. signals can pass more slowly preventing over-stimulation in the brain e. they help ensure that neurons are not synchronously active

BIOM 3200 Study Guide - Final Guide: Adenylyl Cyclase, Motor Neuron, T-Tubule

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