MBG 2040- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 22 pages long!)
30 Nov 2017
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In a monohybrid cross, one trait is being studied: a pedigree shows genetic lineage. In a dihybrid cross, two traits are being studied. 1. 2: neomorphic alleles: altered protein with a new function or altered protein interferes with wildtype protein (dominant-negative allele) If the wildtype allele is dominant to the loss of function allele half as much protein is synthesized, but this is still enough to achieve the wildtype phenotype; haplosufficency. 2. 2: penetrance: the proportion of individual organisms having a particular genotype that express the expected phenotype variation in population, complete penetrance: identical known genotypes yield 100% expected phenotype. Incomplete penetrance: identical known genotypes yield <100% expected phenotype (eg. polydactyly: expressivity: the degree to which a phenotype is expressed variation in individual, constant expressivity: identical known genotypes with no expressivity yield. 100% expected phenotype: variable expressivity: identical known genotypes with an expressivity effect yield a range of phenotypes (eg. piebaldism, split hand-foot syndrome, huntington disease)
