MBG 2040 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Lethal Allele, Epistasis, Homologous Chromosome

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Document Summary

Genetics plays a critical role in understanding disease. Genetics used biotechnology industry for drug design, development and production. A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Genes come in multiple forms called alleles. Genetic information is transferred from dna to rna to protein. Gene: a genetic factor (region of dna) that helps determine a characteristic. Allele: one of two or more alternative forms of a gene. Locus: the specific place on chromosome occupied on an allele. If the trait is rare and autosomal recessive, an individual married into the family is homozygous for the normal allele. Recessive mutations often involve loss of gene function: null/amorphic alleles. No protein is produced: hypomorphic alleles. Reduced amount of a normally functioning protein is produced. Dominant mutations often involve gain/change of gene function: dominant hypermorphic alleles. Negative phenotypic consequences due to the over production of a normal protein. Negative phenotypic consequences due to the production of a protein with increased activity levels: neomorphic alleles.

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