PATH 3610 Final: PATH Final Study Notes
9 Oct 2013
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Document Summary
Cell injury and cell death/morphology of cell and tissue injury. Reversible cell injury if mild or early stage of injury damaging stimulus is removed. Cellular swelling, the result of failure of energy-dependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane, leading to inability to maintain homeostasis. First manifestation to almost all forms of cell injury. Fatty change, occurs in hypoxic injury and in various forms of toxic or metabolic injury and is manifested by the appearance of small or large lipid vacuoles in the cytoplasm. Apoptosis: when cell deprived of growth factors or cell dna/ protein is damaged beyond repair, cell kills itself. Necrosis: severe membrane damage, enzymes leak lysosomes, entering cytoplasm, digesting cell. Leakage of intracellular proteins through the damaged cell membrane into circulation provides means of detecting tissue-specific necrosis. Hypoxia (oxygen deficiency), distinguished from ischemia (loss of blood supply) Cellular fxn may be lost long before cell death occurs. General principles relevant to most forms of cell injury:
