POPM 3240- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 38 pages long!)

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chocolatelion965

30 Nov 2017

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Health: a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity: more than just the absence of disease. Health and disease: there is a fine balance between health and disease, for disease to occur, we often need the agent to be present, a favourable environment for transmission and a susceptible host. Due to this, epidemiologists need to continue to monitor the prevalence of disease. Two approaches to prevention: a different view population-based approach: a preventive measure is widely applied to an entire population. For example, prudent dietary advice for preventing coronary disease: must be non-invasive and inexpensive, pop. Based can be seen as public health approaches. alternate approach target a high-risk group with the preventive measure. Thus, screening for cholesterol in children might be restricted to children from high-risk families: may be more expensive and invasive, alt approach may be more clinical.

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PLEASE ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS..PLEASE NOT ONLY 1 QUESTION. THANK YOU

QUESTION 1. Chronic diseases generally have several underlying characteristics, including a.A long latency period between exposure to risk and disease outcomes b. Low degree of preventability c. High curve rate d.None of the above

QUESTION 2.Which of the following risk factors collectively explain a significant proportion (not incidence) of most chronic diseases. a.Tobacco, alcohol, diet b.Tobacco, alcohol, diet, physical activity c. Alcohol, physical activity d.Tobacco, diet, physical activity

QUESTION 3.Adherence to treatment is influenced by several interacting dimensions including a.Social and economic factors b. Healthcare system factors c.Condition-related factors d.Therapy-related factors e.Patient related factors f.All of the above

QUESTION 4. _________ is the leading cause of cancer in both developed and developing countries worlwide a.Radiation exposure b. Tobacco use c.Pesticide exposure d.Air pollution

QUESTION 5.This week's YouTube video on treating non-communicable diseases in Rwanda showed how a community health worker helps to treat heart disease, diabetes and _______ a.Cancer b.Asthma c.Hepatitis d.HIV/AIDS

QUESTION 6.Which of these are myths of chronic disease control a.Benefits of chronic disease control accrue not only to the individual but also to the population b.Economic growth improves all health conditions c. Chronic diseases are associated with low SES/poverty d.Chronic disease only occurs in the elderly e.a and c f.b and d

QUESTION 7 ___________ remains the leading cause of death among both men and women in low- and middle-income countries a.Cancer b.Cardiovascular disease c. Diabetes d.Obesity e.Respiratory disease

QUESTION 8.Chronic disease in adults accounts for approximately 60% of all deaths worldwide. True False

QUESTION 9.The WHO's Innovative Care for Chronic Conditions Framework includes a positive policy environment. True False

QUESTION 10.It is estimated that the overall number of cancer cases will rise by 50% in the next 20 years. True False

QUESTION 11.Comorbidity refers to simultaneous occurrence in a person of two or more disorders; comorbid conditions can increase the risk of adverse outcomes. True False

QUESTION 12.Emerging evidence supports starting promotion efforts during pregnancy and early childhood and continuing efforts throughout life lower exposures to major chronic disease risk factors. True False

QUESTION 13. Increased cumulative exposure to risk factors over the lifecourse combined with social and economic inequalities, leads to the levels of inequalities seen in later adult life. True False

QUESTION 14.The "compression of morbidity" model proposes that morbidity due to aging cannot be postponed or mitigated by disease prevention programs True False

QUESTION 15.There is few significant funding sources for chronic diseases in low-and middle-income countries. True False

QUESTION 16.To combat chronic diseases, modern, evidence-based interventions emphasize shared decision making and collaborative goal setting among providers and patients. True False

QUESTION 17.In the absence of legislative, financial and engineering approaches, health education programs often have a limited impact on preventing or reducing chronic diseases. True False

QUESTION 18. It is estimated that deaths from diet-related chronic disease in China will triple between 1995 and 2025. True False

QUESTION 19.The third highest percent of global DALY's is attributed to which risk factor? a.Alcohol use b.Tobacco use c.Unsafe sex d.Childhood underweight

QUESTION 20.In the 1990's which country experienced a substantial decline in male life expectancy as a result of dramatic socio-political changes a.China b.Russia c. India d.Canada

jademole302

Please, help me with the following questions on Chronic Diseases and Risks. No guess work, thank you!

QUESTION 1 Comorbidity refers to simultaneous occurance in a person of two ore more disorders; comorbid conditions can increase the risk of adverse outcomes True False

QUESTION 2 Emerging evidence supports starting promotion efforts during pregnancy and early childhood and continuing efforts throughout life lower exposures to major chronic disease risk factors True False

QUESTION 3 Increased cumulative exposure to risk factors over the lifecourse combined with social and economic inequalities, leads to the levels of inequalities seen in later adult life. True False

QUESTION 4 The "compression of morbidity" model proposes that morbidity due to aging cannot be postponed or mitigated by disease prevention programs True False

QUESTION 5 There are few significant funding sources for chronic diseases in low-and middle-income countries True False

QUESTION 6 To combat chronic diseases, modern, evidence-based interventions emphasize shared decision making and collaborative goal setting among providers and patients. True False

QUESTION 7 In the absence of legislative, financial and engineering approaches, health education programs often have a limited impact on preventing or reducing chronic diseases True False

QUESTION 8 It is estimated that deaths from diet-related chronic disease in China will triple between 1995 and 2025 True False

QUESTION 9 The third highest percent of global DALY's is attributed to which risk factor? a. Alcohol use b. Tobacco use c. Unsafe sex d. Childhood underweight

QUESTION 10 In the 1990's which country experienced a substantial decline in male life expectancy as a result of dramatic socio-political changes a. China b. Russia c. India d. Canada

jadeyellowjacket581

For this assignment, Part One of your course project, assume the role of Dr. Madness. Your rogue nation seeks global domination. With a bare bones laboratory and your exhaustive microbiological and epidemiological knowledge, you (Dr. Madness) decide that the best way to rule the world is to create and disseminate the perfect biological weapon.

For this part of the assignment, you will develop your weapon from the ground up. Discuss nearly all of the epidemiological criteria related to it, and justify and discuss why it is used and how effective it is. This agent could be a hybrid of other biological pathogens or an entirely new one. If the agent is newly created, there must be some basis and epidemiological support of a similar agent by which you can base your justification. In other words, it will be unrealistic to create an airborne virus that inoculates and kills within one hour. There must be a realistic exposure and incubation time and must be supported through current agent biology or biochemistry (for example, influenza exposure and incubation takes 1â4 days).

Name of Agent: Explain why you chose the name. If it is a biological agent, be sure to provide a taxonomic name

Etiology: This will talk about the genesis of your agent. Where was it discovered? How was it made? How long has it been around? Why was this agent created? What were the social and economic factors of your rogue nation that made Dr. Madness focus on this element of the agent? What are the environmental precursors to this agent? Discuss the interaction among agent, host, and environment.

Identification: This will describe the basics of the agent. Is it a bacteria, virus, toxin, parasite, hybrid, or something else? Discuss how your agent presents within the human population. What are the symptoms in humans? What are the (zoonotic) symptoms in animals? How does the disease progress? Are there stages? Discuss the various stages including length of infection, severity, and the like. What are the diagnostic indicators? How would a doctor be able to identify this agent in a clinic or emergency room?

Laboratory Analysis: How will the agent be identified? Can it be grown in media? What type of laboratory methods can be used to identify the agent (microscopy, chromatography, PCR, and so on)?

Occurrence: This is the epi: who, what, when, where, how, and why of the disease. Where does it happen? When can it be found? Who is most and least susceptible to the agent (risk factors). More exotic and hard to find agents are harder to prevent and control but are also more difficult to initiate an epidemic or pandemic, whereas more generalized and known agents may be easier to cure, but have a much wider swath of causing pandemics. How do socioeconomic factors foster or inhibit the spread of disease?

Reservoir: What is the natural reservoir of the agent? Are there other organisms where this agent can reside without causing disease? Increasing the reservoir can enhance transmission but can also allow for easier identification and treatment in response to it.

Mode of Transmission: Consider inhalation, absorption, digestion, contact, and so forth. If you use multiple modes, justify your selections.

Incubation Period: Provide the range with an average (median) day of disease onset. Does the period change in different socioeconomic status identifiers (sex, age, race, creed, and so on)? Why or why not?

Period of communicability: How long is a person with this agent contagious? Increasing this period also increases the opportunity for study and thus treatment and control.

Susceptibility: Is the agent susceptible to reinfection of the same person? Allowing for this increases morbidity but usually mortality wanes in subsequent infections.

Taking on the role of Dr. Madness, generate your superweapon and describe the weapon using the above mentioned criteria. Remember, the focus in on creating something that becomes difficult to identify, monitor, or treat with prophylaxis. You will write out the proposal as Dr. Madness submitting this to his lead researcher to develop. This proposal should be approximately 6â8 pages in length, but some submissions may be longer.

Submit your Bioweapons and Epidemiology Part One proposal in the assignment area.

Please be sure to review the Bioweapons and Epidemiology Part One Scoring Guide for information on how this assignment is graded.

Project Requirements

To achieve a successful project experience and outcome, you are expected to meet the following requirements.

Written communication: Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.

APA formatting: Resources and citations should be formatted according to current APA style and formatting.

Resources: Include all literature cited in the project.

Length of paper: 6â8 typed, single-spaced pages, not including cover page and resource list.

Font and font size: Arial, 10 point.

POPM 3240- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 38 pages long!)

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