POPM 4230 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Virus, Vaccine, Smallpox
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
POPM 4230
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Lecture 1
What is health?
● Inconsistent definitions
○ False negative
● Normality
○ Normal is healthy, abnormal is diseased
○ Genetic diseases (can be phenotypically normal and healthy)
● Homeostasis
○ In harmony (where do we stop)
● It is too literal in the definition
● Health is more than just the absence of disease
● Health in livestocks
○ Welfare
■ Positive health
■ Complete diet, optimal environment, comfortable, secure and free from
fear
○ Production
■ Should reach max production if given proper nutrition and environment
○ Reproduction
■ The same as production, should reach their potential
What is disease?
● Finite abnormality of structure or function with an identifiable pathological basis and
recognizable clinical signs (something you can see)
● Symptoms are what a person can express to you, and how they feel
● Clinical sign is something we can observe
● Subclinical disease
○ Not visible (may need a diagnostic test), but measurable in some way
○ E.g. somatic cell count
● Sub-optimal production
○ Below what is expected for that breed, genetic line, industry (differs between
countries/regions)
○ Strong relationship between disease management and production management
● Clinical disease
○ Overt, visible signs
Welfare
● Five freedoms
○ Hunger and thirst
○ Discomfort
○ Pain, injury and disease
○ To express normal behaviour
○ From fear and distress
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
● OIE is the animal equivalent of WHO
Classification of Disease
● Metabolic and infectious most important to production animals
● Degenerative
○ Structure is altered by age, use or disuse or biochemical changes
○ E.g. arthritis
● Anomalous
○ Abnormal structure or function present at birth (congenital)
○ Might be genetic, or developmental accident
○ E.g. Atresia ani (atrophy of anus), cleft palate, hemophilia, baldy calf
● Metabolic
○ Due to nutrition, toxin, ot hormonal activity that alters normal metabolism
○ E.g. milk fever
●Neoplasm (cancer)
○ Abnormal growth of cells at the expense of normal tissue structure and function
○ E.g. lymphosarcoma, cancer eye
● Infectious
○ Caused by microorganisms or pathogen that invade the body and damage
normal structure and function
○ Bacteria, viruses, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, parasitic (internal / external)
○ E.g. mycoplasma hyopneumonia causing pneumonia in pigs
● Trauma
○ Mechanical injury
○ E.g. broken bone, muscle injuries
Terminology
● Etiology
○ The study of the causes of disease
○ Etiologic agent = causative agent of disease but NOT the cause
● Pathogenesis
○ The process by which the disease develops
● Pathogen
○ Any disease-producing microorganism or material
● Epidemiology
○ Study of patterns of disease that exist under field conditions
○ Frequency, distribution, determinants of health and disease in a population
○ Analogous to pathogenesis in an individual
● Infection
○ Invasion and multiplication of microorganisms in body tissues, especially causing
local cellular injury due to competitive metabolism, toxins, replication,
antigen-antibody response
○ E.g. ringworm, canal cough, mastitis
● Virulence
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Genetic diseases (can be phenotypically normal and healthy) It is too literal in the definition. Health is more than just the absence of disease. Complete diet, optimal environment, comfortable, secure and free from fear. Should reach max production if given proper nutrition and environment. The same as production, should reach their potential. Finite abnormality of structure or function with an identifiable pathological basis and recognizable clinical signs (something you can see) Symptoms are what a person can express to you, and how they feel. Clinical sign is something we can observe. Not visible (may need a diagnostic test), but measurable in some way. Below what is expected for that breed, genetic line, industry (differs between countries/regions) Strong relationship between disease management and production management. Oie is the animal equivalent of who. Metabolic and infectious most important to production animals. Structure is altered by age, use or disuse or biochemical changes. Abnormal structure or function present at birth (congenital)
