PSYC 2390 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Ph, Oxygen, Bacteria

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PSYC 2390
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
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Inferior temporal IT Cortex there are neurons that respond best to face recognition.
Fusiform face area is where most facial recognition is localized to. Which is roughly equivalent to the
face area in the face recognition area in the temporal lobe.
Damage to the temporal lobe causes prosopagnosia differently recognizing the faces of familiar people.
May not be able to recognize friends for family or even their own reflection.
Selective adaption occurs when constant firing causes neurons to become fatigued or adapt.
1) The neuron fire rate decreases
2) The neuron fires less when that stimulus is immediately presented again.
Neural Plasticity or experience-dependent plasticity -- the response properties of neurons can be
shaped/ changed by perceptual experiences. Ex. If you rear an animal in an environment that contains
only vertical lines (Selective Rearing) the animal will develop more receptors for vertical lines and
essentially become blind to horizontal lines.
Contrast Threshold is the minimum intensity difference between two bars that can just be detected.
Charles gross studied the info temporal cortex in the tempera lobe. Monkeys that had their IT removed
had trouble differentiating between objects. Neurons in the IT respond to complex stimuli some
neurons respond to hands and some neurons respond best to faces.
The Fusiform face area responds best to faces.
The problems of neural representation for the senses has been called the problem of sensory coding.
The sensory code refers to how neurons represent various characteristics of the environment.
The idea that specific objects can be represented by the firing of a specialized neuron that responds only
to that object is called specificity coding.
Population coding is the representing of a particular object by the pattern of firing of a large numer of
neurons.
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Sparse coding occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group
of Neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent.
Contextual modulation is stimulating outside the receptive field. Sometimes neuron only fires when a
stimulus is present both inside and outside the receptive field.
In addition to the FFA tow other specialized areas in the temporal cortex have been identified. The Para
hippocampal place area (PPA) is activated by pictures depicting indoor and outdoor scenes (spatial
layout)
The Extrastriata Body area (EBA) is activated by pictures of body and parts of bodies.
Module is an area specialized for procession information about a specific type of stimulus. Such as the
FFA, The PPA and EBA.
Expertise Hypothesis proposes that our proficiency in perceiving certain things can be explained by
changes in the brain caused by long exposure, practice, or training.
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Document Summary

Inferior temporal it cortex there are neurons that respond best to face recognition. Fusiform face area is where most facial recognition is localized to. Which is roughly equivalent to the face area in the face recognition area in the temporal lobe. Damage to the temporal lobe causes prosopagnosia differently recognizing the faces of familiar people. May not be able to recognize friends for family or even their own reflection. Selective adaption occurs when constant firing causes neurons to become fatigued or adapt: the neuron fire rate decreases, the neuron fires less when that stimulus is immediately presented again. Neural plasticity or experience-dependent plasticity -- the response properties of neurons can be shaped/ changed by perceptual experiences. If you rear an animal in an environment that contains only vertical lines (selective rearing) the animal will develop more receptors for vertical lines and essentially become blind to horizontal lines.

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