PSYC 2450 Study Guide - Final Guide: Baby Talk, Moral Development, Double Standard
29 May 2018
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PSYC 2450 EXAM
INTELLIGENCE
• Models
o Binet
▪ Intelligence=general mental ability
o Spearman
▪ Intelligence=
• general mental ability (g)
• specific abilities (s)
o Sternberg
▪ Consider
• Context
• Experience
• Information processing strategies
o Gardner
• Measurements
o Infant
▪ DQ
• Bayley scales
o Children
▪ IQ
• Stanford Binet (verbal)
o Verbal reasoning
o Quantitative reasoning
o Spatial reasoning
o Short term memory
• Wechsler scales (verbal and non verbal)
o Verbal comprehension
o Perceptual reasoning
o Working memory
o Processing speed
• Predictions
o Scholastic achievement
o Vocational outcomes
o Health, adjustment, life satisfaction
• Factors
o Genes
▪ Twin studies
▪ Adoption studies
o Environment
▪ Flynn effect
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Adoption studies
• Special talents
o Creativity
▪ Perspectives
• Psychometric
o Divergent thinking
• Confluence
o Investment theory
▪ Knowledge
▪ Cognitive style
▪ Personality
▪ Motivation
▪ Supportive environment
LANGUAGE
• Components
o Words
▪ Semantics
• meaning
o Rules
▪ Phonology
• Sound
▪ Morphology
• Word
▪ Syntax
• Sentence
• Theories
o Learning
▪ Components
• Reinforcement
• Imitation
▪ Criticism
• Inconsistent reinforcement
• Indirect imitation of adult grammar
o Nativist
▪ Components
• Language acquisition device
• Language making capacity
▪ Evidence
• Brain specialization
• Sensitive period hypothesis
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find more resources at oneclass.com
▪ Criticism
• Animals auditorally discriminate
• No explanation
o Interactionist
▪ Components
• Maturation
• Motivation to share with others
▪ Criticism
• Know more about what knowledge children- not how this
knowledge is acquired
• Development
o Prelinguistic (10-13 months)
▪ Before language
• Cues
o Child directed speech
o Intonation
• Result
o Sounds
▪ Coo
▪ Babble
o Gestures
▪ Imperative
• Exclamation
▪ Declarative
• Attention
o Receptive language
o Holophrastic (14-17 months)
▪ One word at a time
• Clues
o Joint attention
• Constraints
o Object scope
o Taxonomic
o Lexical contrast
o Mutual exclusivity
o Syntaxical bootstrapping
• Result
o Growing vocabulary
▪ Naming explosion
o Attach meaning to words
▪ Fast mapping
• Overextension
• Underextension
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Intelligence: general mental ability (g, specific abilities (s, sternberg, consider, context, experience. Investment theory: knowledge, cognitive style, personality, motivation, supportive environment. Language: components, words, semantics, meaning, rules, phonology, sound, morphology, word, syntax, sentence, theories, learning, components, reinforcement. Indirect imitation of adult grammar: nativist, components, language acquisition device, language making capacity, evidence, brain specialization, sensitive period hypothesis, criticism, animals auditorally discriminate, no explanation. Interactionist: components, maturation, motivation to share with others, criticism, know more about what knowledge children- not how this knowledge is acquired, development, prelinguistic (10-13 months, before language, cues, child directed speech, result. Immersion: advantages, language skills, self-perceived academic and social competencies, disadvantages, for minority groups. Interest: disgust, distress, contentment, anger, sadness, surprise, fear. Joy: complex, embarrassment, shame, guilt, envy, pride, development, own emotions h t n o m. 0 s basic emotions caregiver regulates emotions r a e y. 6 basic emotions child turns away from bad/seeks good s r a e y.
