PSYC 3450 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Psych, Dna, X Window System
12 Oct 2018
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PSYC 3450
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Psych 3450 – social and personality development
Lecture 1 – biological foundations part 1
Biological foundations
• Biological preparedness
o Biological rythms, visual, auditory, smell/taste/touch
o Pinker's thesis - 'ready' to learn, drive within you to resolve sense of identity tied with "what
are you going to be when you grow up"
• Neurological basis (brain, neuron, synapses)
• Genetics (DNA) and social development
• Temperament (the above results in our T)
• Preparedness or "readiness" - link to university attendance
• "all hilde ae o ied fo feelig ad eady to lea…ifats ae ell euipped to espod to
thei soial eioets… iologially pepaed to e sesitie to soial stiuli suh as huan
voices, faces and smells" p66 txt
o Ex. Language, dogs and parent talk
o Baby is ready at certain stage of life to figure out how language works
• Wants to express itself and communicate
• Baby is a ready and willing social partner with the environment - parent, siblings, peers - in his/her
own development
• Development is not a passive process (blank slate). We have a nature
Preparedness - biological to social rhythm - p.66
• Normal 'development': biological rhythms --> sleep-wake cycle; arousal. Become controlled and
regulated (1st 3 months) --> ability to interact with parent
o Synchrony - mother and infant show predictable responses to each others signals -
'attunements'
• Mother opens eyes up and says 'baby' in high pitched voice and baby responds by
opening up eyes and smiling
• Bay playfuless does’t happe efoe 3 oths - smiling back etc
• Atypical development
• Premature baby --> deficiencies in arousal regulation --> poorer interactional synchrony --> lower
sense of mastery; less secure attachment
o Video - mom stares at baby with blank face and baby gets stressed that they are not getting
a reaction from mother and freak out
Preparedness contd. - visual
• Inafnts prefer to gaze at face pattern vs nonface pattern (or objects) i.e are prepared to expect a
world of important social being
o Picture of 2 lightbulb things - one with 3 dots in face shape form (preferred) other with not
• First indication of autism (asocial)
• fMRI suggestion cortical region of cells specialized for face recognition
o Specialized at birth or activated with experience
Biological preparedness
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Vision - poorest sense at birth
• Attracted more to mothers face especially eyes
o Adult oxytocin study with adults ("love hormone") looked more at eyes
o Large amounts of oxytocin passed on via placenta during labour and childbirth
o How infants scan the human face
• A 1 month old baby focuses on the outer perimeter of the face, although also showing
some interest in the eyes
• A 3 month old scans more broadly and focuses on the features of the face, paying
attention to the eyes and mouth, which suggests that some patterns, detection may
be occurring
Preparedness - auditory
• Prepared to seek familiar sounds
• Pre-birth. Movements and heart rate - hear complex sounds outside mothers body
• Remembered a story heard prior to birth
o Dr. Seuss bok study 0 the cat in the hat
o Infants preferred to listen to book vs unfamiliar book
• Babies preferred high pitch voice w/ exaggerated contours --> infant directed speech--> language
development
o Increase w/ oxytocin; preparedness for attachment figures
Preparedness - smell, taste, touch (tactile)
• Turn their head toward cloth with milk of their mothers on it vs another mother
• Mothers recognize (after 1-2 days_ their own infants scent and prefer their own infant to
another's
• Infants prefer the food flavour consumed by their mothers
• Tactile study - 15 min massage/day vs no massage
o Those with massage gained 47% greater weight, spent 6 fewer days in hospital, more awake
and active, more mature
Review
• Preparedness is for the purpose of connection, 'attunements'
• Attunement vs intrusiveness or poorly times - maternal depression
The brain
The basics of brain development
• Cerebral cortex - convoluted surface, 90% of brains cell bodies
• Regions of the cerebral cortex link with specific functions
o Frontal cortex - processing of emotional information
o Limbic system - inner border of cortex - regulation of emotional and social behaviour
o Amygdala - part of limbic system - recognition of fear and surprise expressions
Development stages
• Motor cortex development - rapid change at 3 months
o Reflexive behaviour disappear (infant) --> voluntary control (reaching)
o Spurt at 12 months -> walking
• Visual cortex: spurt at 3 months more interest to faces vs nonfaces
• Auditory cortex - language development - 2 years
• Prefrontal cortex - executive process (plan, organize impulse control)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
"all (cid:272)hild(cid:396)e(cid:374) a(cid:396)e (cid:271)o(cid:396)(cid:374) (cid:449)i(cid:396)ed fo(cid:396) feeli(cid:374)g a(cid:374)d (cid:396)eady to lea(cid:396)(cid:374) i(cid:374)fa(cid:374)ts a(cid:396)e (cid:449)ell e(cid:395)uipped to (cid:396)espo(cid:374)d to thei(cid:396) so(cid:272)ial e(cid:374)(cid:448)i(cid:396)o(cid:374)(cid:373)e(cid:374)ts (cid:271)iologi(cid:272)ally p(cid:396)epa(cid:396)ed to (cid:271)e se(cid:374)siti(cid:448)e to so(cid:272)ial sti(cid:373)uli su(cid:272)h as hu(cid:373)an voices, faces and smells" p66 txt: ex. Preparedness - biological to social rhythm - p. 66: normal "development": biological rhythms --> sleep-wake cycle; arousal. Become controlled and regulated (1st 3 months) --> ability to interact with parent: synchrony - mother and infant show predictable responses to each others signals - First indication of autism (asocial) fmri suggestion cortical region of cells specialized for face recognition: specialized at birth or activated with experience. Preparedness - auditory: prepared to seek familiar sounds, pre-birth. Movements and heart rate - hear complex sounds outside mothers body: remembered a story heard prior to birth, dr. seuss bok study 0 the cat in the hat.
