TOX 4000 Study Guide - Final Guide: Missense Mutation, Arteriole, Ciprofloxacin

• School: University of Guelph
• Department: Toxicology
• Course: TOX 4000
• Professor: Craig Bailey

Document Summary

Cardiovascular toxicology is concerned with the adverse effects of extrinsic and intrinsic stresses on the heart and vascular system. Extrinsic stress involves exposure to therapeutic drugs, natural products and environmental toxicants. Intrinsic stress refers to exposure to toxic metabolites derived from nontoxic compounds such as those found in food additives and supplements. The manifestations of toxicological response of the heart include cardiac arrhythmia, hypertrophy, and overt heart failure. The responses of the vascular system include changes in blood pressure and lesions in blood vessels in the form of atherosclerosis, hemorrhage and edema. The primary contractile unit within the heart is the cardiac muscle cell, or cardiac myocyte; they are the largest cells in the heart and contribute to a majority of cardiac mass. Other cells in the heart include cardiac fibroblasts, vascular cells, The electrophysiology of the heart is concerned with bioelectricity and its related cardiac physiological function.