BIOL 1030- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 117 pages long!)

• School: University of Manitoba
• Department: Biological Sciences
• Course: BIOL 1030
• Professor: Kevin G.Scott

Document Summary

Linnaean hierarchy of classification: kingdom, phylym, subphylum, superclass, class, subclass. Taxa: sister taxa, basal taxon, eg. Polytomy: many branches off of the same point. Organizing species into clades: a group including every single thing including dead species. Implies relationships because of all of those individuals share a common ancestor. Outgroup: diverged before, something that diverged just before the common ancestor. Shared ancestral characters: originated in ancestor, every member of the clade will have the characteristic, comparisons of molecular characteristics, protein and dna sequences. Shared derive characters: evolutionary novelty, something that evolved later, and arose within the clade, not all members will have the characteristic. Example: 1 indicates the species has a certain characteristic. Monophyletic: can be said as clades, eg. apes can be shown as a clade. Paraphyletic: excluding branches, and only looking at one specific part of a tree. Polyphyletic: excluding parts of branches, and looking at parts of two separate branches.