BIOL 2420- Final Exam Guide - Comprehensive Notes for the exam ( 111 pages long!)

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Water (cells are 60-80% water) it dissolves most molecules. Immune system components (mainly in the blood plasma white blood cells, immunoglobulins (antibodies)) Heat- blood flows therefore it carries a lot of heat. Gaseous wastes (oxidation of glucose and other materials produces carbon dioxide gas) Heat (in times of metabolic activity it is monitored with homeostasis so optimal cell activity is not disrupted exits via the skin) Urea (non-toxic nitrogenous wastes), creatinine (molecule in skeletal muscle that fixes phosphate it is filtered through the blood in the kidneys), bilirubin (dead blood cells: parts of the cardiovascular system, blood (transport medium) It is always contained in the vasculature of the circulatory system: heart (the pump that moves the transport medium) produces a force to move the blood all over the body. Separated into left and right halves by the septum. Exception = pulmonary artery (carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs: veins & venules = towards heart (typically deoxygenated blue in diagrams)