HIST 2360 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Great Britain, Kingdom Of Italy, German Language
HIST 2360
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Economics and Society in 1920s and 1930s
• EUR in very fragile state after WW1
• Mix of experiences for different countries
• GB and France moving towards recovery
• Eooi headuates stated oig fo Lodo to Ne Yok
• Cultural renaissance → fashion, cinema (talkies), radios
• Expansions of information (radio)
• New technology very useful for getting ideas across
o Italy and Germany see opportunity for spreading propaganda
• Birth rate declined to lowest point ever recorded
o Lots of men died in war
o Contraception/birth control
▪ Anglican Church accepted for family purposes
▪ Catholic Church still against
• USA most unaffected, economy boomed
o Sent EUR peacetime supplies
• Lots of EUR companies had to change back from war production to peacetime goods
• Goods purchased from US on credit
• All money that Germany made went to other countries
• Trying to recover, spending more money than they had
o Printed more money = inflation
o Germany suffered the most → $ of bread
▪ Prices rose 162%
o Hit all the repairing countries
• France decided to increase money → invaded the Ruhr valley
o Industrial centre
o LOTS of resentment
o Cisis that EUR did’t eed
o US steps in to make peace → Daz Plan
• US tried to retreat from EUR involvement
• 1929 → US stock crashes
• Oct 29, 1929
o New York stock market oetio ash
o Blak Tuesday → people all sold stocks
o triggered panic across world
▪ if US screwed, everyone is screwed
• Italy
o Victorious side of WW1
▪ Expected to gain territory in Europe
▪ Left Versailles pissed off and cheated
o Unification project still unfinished
▪ Forced unification, not resisted
▪ Did’t settle eooi issues etee oth ad south
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• North okay, south really struggling
o Political issues
▪ Voting still very closed
o Relationship with Roman Catholic Church
▪ Still resistant towards unification
▪ Want to remain ambivalent
o Italian speakers in Yugoslavia wanted unification with homeland
o Was very costly of lives (lots lost, lots wounded)
o Sparked radical voices → Italian Fascist movements
o Benito Mussolini
▪ Really into the war → would get lots for Italy
▪ Organized the Combat Group
• Used ancient techniques
• Went to socialist meetings and beat them up
• Supported by elites and industrializers
• Strikes everywhere and constantly
▪ 1919 election → combat group won 2%
▪ 1921 recognized into political party for election
▪ wanted strong, individual leader
▪ supported Russian revolution
▪ Communists/Fascists
• Shared features
o 1 party state
o single leader with dictatorship power
o secret police
o use of violence
o extra-constitutional laws
o repressed liberation and human rights
o no abolition of private property
• differences
o stress on nationalism
o no internationalism
o rejected class conflict
o bourgeoisie and aristocrats given place in regime
▪ all about fascism
▪ styled himself as the leader
▪ massive public rallys → aketig
▪ still only had 10% of vote
▪ uneasy coalition of government
• October 1922 fascists move into Rome
• Want to declare Mussolini leader
• King gives Mussolini power of Premier
▪ Makes parliament give him dictatorial power for 1 year
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com