PSYC 1200 Study Guide - Fall 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Memory, Anxiety, Arousal
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 1200
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological science
Objective:
What psych is
Components of scientific method
History of psych
Psychology- scientific study of behaviour, though, and experience and how they can
be affected by physical, mental, social and enviro factors
Psychologists:
Clinical Psychologists
Diagnose psychological disorders
Treat psychological disorders
Experimental psychologist
Basic research
Applied research
Biopsychosocial model
Biological factors- medicine
Psychological factors- emotions, problem solving, mood
Sociocultural factors- friends, environment
Pseudoscience
Observations -→
Explanations
Anecdotes-----→
Hand reading, phrenology, using observations that may not be true to read
people, confirmation bias
Scientific method
Step 1 Observation
Step 2 Hypothesis
Step 3 Design the study
Step 4 Analysis
Step 5 Report findings
Step 6 Consider limitations
Step 7 Try to fix limitation/ problems
Theory:
Explanations for thins that we observe
Developed from testable hypothesis (Predictions)
Theories are not opinion of beliefs
Theories are not all plausible
Theories that are most plausible are not necessarily the most popular
Can be the basis for new questions
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Ex. Multiple personality disorder theory that having an authority figure as a
therapist brings out the personalities (socio cognitive perspective). Using these
theories to find a testable, plausible explanation (hypothesis as to why person has
disorder)
Hypothesis:
A testable prediction
Observable- ex. Eye colour
Measureable- ex. Height, weight
Supported or rejected after being tested
Critical thinking:
Curiosity
Examination of the source of evidence
Examination of assumptions and bias
Avoid emotions
Tolerate ambiguity
Consideration of alternative views
Adoption of the principle of parsimony (more simple explanation is more plausible=
simple)
History of Psychology
Empiricism: Observe info about our world provides us with knowledge
Determinism: There is a cause and effect
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
Father of experimental psychology
First psychology laboratory in Germany (1879)
Used technique of trained introspection = focusing on sensory behaviour
Ex. Look at an image and immediately write about what they were
experiencing
Required that people report the elements of sensory experience when
reflecting on one’s own mental experience
Problems with trained introspection:
Different opinion between everyone
May focus on 2nd or 3rd thing they see and not first
Structuralism:
Edward Titchener (1867-1927)
Named Wundt’s approach structuralism
Made this approach popular in North America
Functionalism:
William James (1842-1910)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Hand reading, phrenology, using observations that may not be true to read. Psychology- scientific study of behaviour, though, and experience and how they can be affected by physical, mental, social and enviro factors. Theories that are most plausible are not necessarily the most popular. Multiple personality disorder theory that having an authority figure as a therapist brings out the personalities (socio cognitive perspective). Using these theories to find a testable, plausible explanation (hypothesis as to why person has disorder) Adoption of the principle of parsimony (more simple explanation is more plausible= simple) Empiricism: observe info about our world provides us with knowledge. Used technique of trained introspection = focusing on sensory behaviour experiencing. Required that people report the elements of sensory experience when. Look at an image and immediately write about what they were reflecting on one"s own mental experience. May focus on 2nd or 3rd thing they see and not first.
