PSYC 2290 Study Guide - Winter 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes -
12 Oct 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 2290
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
Medieval views of children
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Plato- children born with an innate knowledge (came to world with some kind of predispositions
ad tede’s
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Aristotle - knowledge rooted in experience (came with nothing and what happened determined)
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Locke - the infant is like a blank state (similar to Aristotle)
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Rousseau - children born with innate sense of justice and morality
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Origins of a new science
Research on children began with a baby biographies (many details)
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In the early 20th century child development research was used to promote healthy development
(children reach their full potential)
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The normative approach - age related averages are computed to represent typical development
(what can we expect) (rough age where sit and do things) (people want know if child normal)
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Theories of child development
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These are the same theories that dominate the field of psychology (look how explain child
development)
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Historical view of children and childhood
Maturational theory - natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan (genetics) (muscles
develop and bones grow)
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Ethological theory - Imprinting (bonding and attachment, how certain behaviours help bond which
enhances survival)
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Critical and sensitive periods (only develop if the child is exposed to proper stimulation at correct
tie hilde eed to e eposed to laguage efoe ie o te, the the do’t udestad
grammar) (critical is time limit if certain stimulation is not achieved than the skill never develops
to full capacity whereas sensitive is time period where the child will more easily learn at particular
time, If learn after sensitive period the language is stored at different place)
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Developmental neuroscience (brain does not develop if neglected at some point)
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Biological theories
Freud
Id have it (fail to delay gratification) , Ego (learning to self regulate) develops from internalizing
stuff from parents , Superego (conscious)
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Psychological development
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Focus on childhood and unconscious motives
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Believe that move from one stage to next stage,
Erickson
psychosocial stages (eight) (progress through environmental demands)
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Development a lifelong process
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Psychodynamic theories
Environment moods development
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Classical conditioning - higher order thinking (conditioned that A+ is good association)
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Operant conditioning - positive reinforcement (giving something) , negative reinforcement (taking
away something), partial reinforcement (not rewarding good behaviour or giving it away
sometimes/ when you sometimes give in), positive punishment (spanking) , negative punishment
(taking away something good)
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Learning theories
Observational learning
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Intrinsic reinforcement (feeling good)
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Social cognitive theory (how social interaction change way think)
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Self efficacy (self confidence that sense of accomplishment)
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Social learning theories
Lecture One
Thursday, January 4, 2018
1:38 PM
Child Development Page 1
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Self efficacy (self confidence that sense of accomplishment)
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Looking at Paige - children adapt to and seek to understand their environment
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Qualitative, stage like development
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Information processing theory - memory development (especially short term memory)
( determines how well children do in reading writing)
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Cognitive theory
Ecological systems theory
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Contextual Perspective
Child Development Page 2
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Plato- children born with an innate knowledge (came to world with some kind of predispositions a(cid:374)d te(cid:374)de(cid:374)(cid:272)(cid:455)"s(cid:895) Aristotle - knowledge rooted in experience (came with nothing and what happened determined) Locke - the infant is like a blank state (similar to aristotle) Rousseau - children born with innate sense of justice and morality. Research on children began with a baby biographies (many details) In the early 20th century child development research was used to promote healthy development (children reach their full potential) The normative approach - age related averages are computed to represent typical development (what can we expect) (rough age where sit and do things) (people want know if child normal) These are the same theories that dominate the field of psychology (look how explain child development) Maturational theory - natural unfolding of a pre-arranged biological plan (genetics) (muscles develop and bones grow) Ethological theory - imprinting (bonding and attachment, how certain behaviours help bond which enhances survival)
