PSYC 2290 Study Guide - Summer 2018, Comprehensive Midterm Notes - Memory, Heredity, Ford Focus
12 Oct 2018
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PSYC 2290
MIDTERM EXAM
STUDY GUIDE
Fall 2018
PSYC 2290 Child Development
Chapter1 The Science of Child Development
1.1 Historical Views of Children and Childhood
Plato: children are born with innate knowledge
Jean-Jacques Rosseau: born with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally
as the child grows.
Aristotle: knowledge is rooted in perceptual experience (a priori)
John Locke: experience molds human into unique individual
Origins of a New Science
Child development pushes to become a science due to…
1. Children, like 5-7 years old start entered workplace in England during 18th Century.
2. Revolution Theory (Charles Darwin): similar between evolutionary change within species
and the age-related changes in human behavior.
- Baby biographies, detailed, systematic observations of individual children.
Society for Research in Child Development (SRCD), the main professional organization for child
development researchers.
Scientists contribute to sound family policy in a variety of ways.
1.2 Theories of Child Development
Biological Theories
Maturational theory:
- Emphasizes development as a natural unfolding of a biological plan
- Child development reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within the body.
Development is simply a natural unfolding of a biological plan;
- Say little about the impact of environment on children’s development
Ethological theory: view development from an evolutionary perspective; many behaviors are
adaptive, they have survival value.
- Children’s and parents’ behavior has adapted to meet specific environment challenges
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
PSYC 2290 Child Development
- Ethologist: all animals are biologically programmed in such a way that some kinds of
learning occur only at a certain ages.
-Critical period in development is the time when a specific type of learning can take
place; before and after the critical period the same learning is difficult or even
impossible. E.g. language
- Imprinting: creating an emotional bond with the mother
Sensitive period: limited time period. Get skill well that time. E.g. child learn 2nd language VS
adult learn
Developmental neuroscience: brain …..which particular changes
Psychodynamic Theories
Behavior is affected by conscious and unconscious processes.
Freud: development is largely determined by how well people resolve certain conflicts at
different ages.
3 components of personality:
- Id: a reservoir of primitive instincts and drives
- Ego: the practical, rational components of personality
- Superego: the “moral agent” in the child’s personality
Erikson
- Psychosocial theory
- Contributed to work on mother-infant attachment and formation of identity during
adolescence
- Development comprise a sequence of stage, each defined by a unique crisis or challenge
- The earlier stages of psychological development provide the foundation for the later
stages
Stage theories
- Emphasis an childhood experience on personality development
- Early experiences can have enduring effects on children’s development
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Jean-jacques rosseau: born with an innate sense of justice and morality that unfolds naturally as the child grows. Aristotle: knowledge is rooted in perceptual experience (a priori) John locke: experience molds human into unique individual. Baby biographies, detailed, systematic observations of individual children. Society for research in child development (srcd), the main professional organization for child development researchers. Scientists contribute to sound family policy in a variety of ways. Emphasizes development as a natural unfolding of a biological plan. Child development reflects a specific and prearranged scheme or plan within the body. Development is simply a natural unfolding of a biological plan; Say little about the impact of environment on children"s development. Ethological theory: view development from an evolutionary perspective; many behaviors are adaptive, they have survival value. Children"s and parents" behavior has adapted to meet specific environment challenges. Ethologist: all animals are biologically programmed in such a way that some kinds of learning occur only at a certain ages.
