TOX 300 Study Guide - Comprehensive Final Exam Guide - Xenobiotic, Protein, Enzyme
Document Summary
Toxicology examines the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Xenobiotics = foreign chemicals (drugs, by-products, natural toxins, pesticides) To(cid:454)i(cid:272)olog(cid:455) is a (cid:373)ultidis(cid:272)ipli(cid:374)a(cid:396)(cid:455) s(cid:272)ie(cid:374)(cid:272)e that (cid:862)(cid:271)o(cid:396)(cid:396)ows(cid:863) app(cid:396)oa(cid:272)hes a(cid:374)d te(cid:272)h(cid:374)i(cid:395)ues from many other sciences. In 1970, the dilution paradigm was replaced by the boomerang paradigm: dilution paradigm = dilution is the solution to pollution, boomerang paradigm = what we throw out there will come back. Two chemicals that brought attention to the dilution paradigm: ddt & methylmercury: ddt = bioaccumulates in the organism and works its way up the food web, methylmercury = byproduct in industries that uses mercury as a catalyst. Diethylstilbestrol (des) = potent estrogen to prevent miscarriages daughters of users developed a rare vaginal cancer (cid:862)the dose defines the poison(cid:863) - paracelsus. Toxicokinetics = disposition of a cemical in an animal overtime (cid:862)adme(cid:863) = (cid:862)what the (cid:271)od(cid:455) does to the (cid:454)e(cid:374)o(cid:271)ioti(cid:272)s(cid:863) Toxicodynamics = effects of xenobiotics (cid:862)what the (cid:454)e(cid:374)o(cid:271)ioti(cid:272) does to the (cid:271)od(cid:455)(cid:863)
