BIOL130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Protein Kinase, Second Messenger System, Lipid Bilayer
Document Summary
Prokaryote vs eukaryote: eukaryotes, dna packaging dna wrapping around histones to chromatin to chromosome, 3 types of polymerases, diverse promoters called tata box, many more accessory proteins transcription factors, mrna undergoes processing before leaving the nucleus. 5" 7-methylguanosine cap and poly a tail: gaps of up to 100,000 bps of untranscribed genes. Introns lariat structure is degraded. Splicing allows the same gene to transcribe many different proteins splice variants. Disadvantage is that it is more work and more steps give opportunity to more error: prokaryotes, 1 polymerase, sigma + holoenzyme, no splicing, can transcribe multiple genes at the same time. Glycosylation, lipoylation, phosphorylation, methylation etc: humans have , 20k genes, 100k transcriptions, 1m proteins. Unit 6: biological membranes: all cells have a plasma membrane that encloses the contents of the cell, eukaryotic cells have a double membrane with membrane-bound organelles. Er: folds proteins and acts as a manufacturing and packaging system that works closely with the golgi.