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BIOL130 Final: Biology 130 Study notes These are notes I took while studying.

303 views40 pages
pinkgnu99
16 Oct 2011
School
University of Waterloo
Department
Biology
Course
BIOL130
Professor
Bryce Pickard

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Document Summary

What are the three strands that make up cell biology. Viruses- are bits of nucleic acids with a protein coat, inert outside cells. Virods r circular rna without protein coat, r parasites of viruses. Prions- contain no nucleic acid; have capacity for self-assembly and self duplication. For every cell in the world, there is a unique virus can infect it. The two different classes of cells are. Prokaryotes (before nucleus, usually single celled dna lies freely in the nucleus, not usually associated with proteins) and eukaryotes (true nucleus, has organelles is both single celled and multicellular, dna associated with proteins called histones) Most human cells are only visible with the light microscope. Has a network of internal membrane er, rough er and smooth er. Cytoskeleton is a network of tubes running through the cytoplasm of the cell e. g. microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments. Phagocytosis is the drawing in of particles by engulfment could be bacteria etc.

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Related Questions

1 What advantages do organelles provide to eukaryotic cells? Arethey necessarily required or simply an artefact of the evolutionaryhistory of eukaryotes? Why, for example, would eukaryotic cellsrequire a membrane-bound nucleus when prokaryotes seem to replicateefficiently without one?

2. What are the 3 main intracellular transport mechanisms forproteins? How does cell topology influence the particularmechanisms needed to transport a protein among organellesintracellularly?

3. Here’s a chicken and egg question… how are transmembraneproteins added to membranes in newly synthesized organelles ifthere are no translocater proteins already present to directthem?

Place the following in order from most complex to least complex

A- Cell B- Hydrogen C- Water D- Protons

31. C

32. B

33. A

34. D

Match the cell type with the most appropriate description or phrase

A- Prokaryotic B- Eukaryotic C- Both

36. Is the cell type that builds multicellular organism in Fungal, Plant, and Animal Kingdom.

B- Eukaryotic

37. Bacteria is an example of this cell type.

A- Prokaryotic

38. Contain Cytoplasm’s and cell membranes

B- Eukaryotic

39. Contain Membrane- bound organelles

C- Both

True or False

40. All cells contain a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and a nucleus.

False

41. According to the Cell Theory, all living things are composed of cells.

True

42. According to the Cell Theory, all living things use DNA as the genetic information molecule.

True

2.)

a.) Are viruses that infect Archaea different from other bacterial viruses?

Yes, they do not have protein coats because of the extreme conditions where they live.
No, they consist of nucleic acid and protein just like other bacterial viruses.
Yes, the structure of archaeal viruses is always completely different from other bacterial viruses.

Yes, they have only DNA genomes.

b.) Of the following examples, which is not a common part of many viral life cycles?

The pox virus genome is replicated by DNA polymerase.
Adenoviruses attach to the cell and the nucleocapsid is taken up by the cell.
Pox viruses replicate in the cytoplasm of the cell.

Once an adenovirus virion is inside a cell, host RNA polymerases transcribe early genes

c.) Some viruses are associated with cancer. There are a variety of ways in which viruses may affect a cell in a way that may lead to cancer. Based on your knowledge of the life cycles of viruses and of molecular genetics, what is one way that this might happen?

Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome close to the termination sequence, far downstream of the promoter, and causes a silent mutation.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome in a repetitive noncoding region.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome, placing a promoter in a new location and turning on a gene that had previously been turned off.
Viral genetic material inserts into a host genome and causes a mutation in a promoter, turning off a gene that had previously been turned on.

d.) Which statement describes the difference between the normal neuron protein PrPC and the pathogenic version PrPSc?

PrPC is just a protein and the PrPSc is a protein with nucleic acid inside.
The PrPC protein contains more beta sheets while the PrPSc protein contains more alpha helices.
The three-dimensional conformation is identical, but the amino acid sequence is different.
The amino acid sequence is identical, but the three-dimensional conformation is different.