BIOL130 Final: Final Exam Notes about 16 pages of final notes, including diagrams of all the stuff you need to know !

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16 Oct 2011
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Module 3: membranes: compartmentalization, selectively permeable membrane, transports solutes, response to external signals, intercellular interaction, site for biochemical activities, energy for protein gradient. Biochemistry: consists of a polar lipid bilayer, proteins, carbohydrates. Thin sectioning technique cuts samples into 7. 5nm slices with dark, light, dark appearance. Freeze fracture technique- "shatters" and shines e- through, smooth areas are interrupted by bumps and depressions. Carbohydrates face outwards into extracellular space, are covelently linked to proteins and/or lipids glycoproteins: short, branched oligosaccharide carbohydrates attached to either asparagine (n-linked) or serine and threonine (o-linked) glycolipids: roles in infectious diseases; carbs. Integral proteins penetrate into bilayer, some segments protrude into cytoplasm, consists of nonpolar aa in alpha-helix, some form aqeous channels. Peripheral proteins: entirely outside lipid bilayer, attached by noncovalent bonds, signal transduction. Adeherens: cadherins (ca+ dependent) are concentrated which are connected to actin filaments by catenin, 20-35nm space, plaques in cytoplasm, common in epithelial cells, encircles each cell and binds it to its neighbours.

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