BIOL130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Glycolipid, Organic Compound, Protein Domain

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coffeeherring584

20 Jul 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL130

Professor

Heidi Engelhardt

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Document Summary

Leeuwenhook used a stronger microscope to observe protozoa, red blood cells, sperm, bacteria from mouth, banded pattern in muscle cells. Schann (an) observed animal cells, brown found the nucleus in plant cells, Schleiden found plant tissues are composed of cells and always started from a single cell. Endoplasmic reticulum make cell membrane components and materials. Scanning electron microscope check what cells look like on the outside, while transmission checks what the cell looks like in the inside. Golgi apparatus modifies the stuff made in the er and sends them to different locations. Lysomes is where intracellular digestion occurs, releasing nutrients from food particles and beading down unwanted molecules for recycling or excretion. Peroxisomes provide a contained environment where hydrogen peroxide is generated or degraded. Cytoskeleton form a system of girder, ropes, and motors to give the cell its mechanical strength, controls its shape, and drives and guides its movement. Mirror image molecules are called optical isomers.

Related Questions

________30. If you are investigating the inner structure of a new cell and see that it has a significantly larger amount of RER than other cells. You would conclude the cell does a great deal of____?
A. ATP synthesis

B. protein synthesis
C. DNA synthesis
D. active transport
E. polysaccharide hydrolysis

________31. If a cell comes in contact with a toxic substance such as H2O2, it could survive as long as it has a ___ to digest it.
A. DNA
B. peroxisome

C. mitochondria
D. phospholipids
E. intermediate filaments

________32. Some cells have structures to help them withstand osmotic pressure. For example,
A. Plant cells due to their walls
B. Animal cells due to the sodium/potassium pumps

C. Bacterial cell due to their swimming

D. Viruses due to their protein coats

________33. Evolution occurs only as a cell ____.

A. They undergo mitosis
B. Change in their gene pool
C. They move from one habitat to another

D. They begin to eat different foods

________34. Ribosomes are produced in the

A. nucleoli.
B. chromatin.
C. nuclear envelopes.

D. Golgi complex. E. cisternae.

________35. Algae are often green, but there are red and brown species also. What accounts for this difference in color?
A. The chlorophyll of chloroplasts
B. The pigments in other plastids

C. The presence of a mitochondria
D. The accumulation of cellular wastes

________36. The chloroplast and other like prokaryotes have which of the following that helps with photosynthesis?
A. They live in water based environments
B. They have chloroplasts in their cytoplasm

C. Change color in the dark vs. the sun
D. They have photoreceptor proteins in their membranes or mesosomes.

________37. Located in the membrane, we see a set of proteins called receptors that only connect with or bind to specific substances. This is called __.
A. ligand specificity.
B. hormone selectivity.

C. cell tonicity.
D. water saturation. E. signal resolution.

________38. Of the following statements, we could say that ___ is false.
A. All organisms are composed of cells and cell products.
B. An organism's structure and all of its functions are due to the activities of cells.
C. The cellular organelles are the simplest structural and functional unit of life.
D. Cells come from preexisting cells.
E. Cells are made from nonliving components including the nucleus, cell membrane and cytoplasm.

________39. If it is really true that our cells are the smallest anatomical unit that meets all of the properties of life, then which of the following could imply otherwise?
A. vacuoles
B. centrioles

C. Golgi apparatus
D. mitochondria
E. endoplasmic reticulum

________40. Oxygen is an absolute need for animal and plant cells alike due to the ___.

A. RER
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes

D. DNA

________41. In a plasma membrane, we expect to see the carb/protein structures to extend into the ___, but the secondary messengers to move within the __.
A. extracellular fluid; cytosol
B. cytosol; extracellular fluid

C. intracellular fluid; cytosol

D. cytosol; intracellular fluid

E. extracellular fluid; plasma

________42. Bacteria are found in all of the following habitats:

A. Caves
B. Oceans
C. Animals

D. Everywhere on Earth

________43. Two solutions are separated by a selectively permeable membrane. Solution A has a higher concentration of an impermeable solute compared to solution B. Which of the following do you expect would happen?
A. solute will move from solution A to solution B

B. solute will move from solution B to solution A

C. water will more from solution A to solution B

D. water will move from solution B to solution A E. no movement of solute or water will occur

________44. In the kidney, we notice that almost all of the cells involved in the production of urine have high concentrations of the Na+/K+ pump. Which typically works to push Na+ ___ its concentration gradient by using ___.
A. up; active transport

B. up; facilitated transport
C. up; cotransport
D. down; active transport
E. down; facilitated transport

________45. In the charts of a patient recently admitted to the hospital noted that he was taking a medication called lithium and high doses of calcium supplements. Given this, we would expect the patientâs liver to have a higher than normal amount of __ to purify out the lithium and calcium.

A. lysosomes.
B. centrosomes.
C. mitochondria.
D. peroxisomes.
E. rough endoplasmic reticulum.

________46. We have long observed that our neural cells in the brain cannot replicate or replace themselves due to the lack of ____.
A. produce ATP.
B. divide.

C. produce enzymes.
D. secrete material across their plasma membrane E. conduct electrical signals.

________47. An organismâs structure and function is ultimately due to the structure and function of itâs __.
A. Organs
B. Tissues

C. Cells

D. Nuclei

Value: 1

Anabolic pathways of metabolism are pathways that:

a. build complex molecules from simple ones.

b. release stored chemical energy.

c. take place primarily in skeletal muscle

d. make large quantities of ATP.

Value: 2

The sum of all chemical reactions in a cell is referred to as _______________.

Value: 3

Organisms that derive both their energy and carbon from organic compounds are:

a. photoautotrophs.

b. chemoautotrophs.

c. chemoheterotrophs.

d. photoheterotrophs

Value: 4

It is often stated that the phosphate bonds in ATP are "high energy," but in fact, they are not notably high in energy. Rather, they are easy to break, and the âG of hydrolysis is a "useful" quantity of energy. What makes the phosphate bonds easy to break?

a. They are close to the destabilizing nitrogenous base adenosine

b. Positive charges on amino groups repel each other.

c. Negative charges on phosphate groups repel each other

d. High acidity attacks bonds between amino acids.

Value: 5

Which of the following describes ATP hydrolysis? Select all that apply

[mark all correct answers]
a. exergonic

b. spontaneous

c. often coupled to a reaction that has a positive ÎG

Value: 6

Which of the following describes catabolic reactions?

a. They are endergonic and have a negative change in free energy

b. They are exergonic and have a negative change in free energy

c. They are exergonic and have a positive change in free energy.

d. They are endergonic and have a positive change in free energy.

Value: 7

Why are cells not infinitely big?

a. Because they wouldn't fit in an organism

b. Because they would have a small surface area:volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too slowly

c. Because they would have a large surface area to volume ratio and substances would diffuse in and out too quickly

Value: 9

How is organelle movement around cells controlled?

a. the nucleus directs the movement of organelles in a cell

b. the cytoskeleton is like a monorail that moves organelles in a cell via motor proteins

c. organelles do not move, they have a fixed position in the cell

d. organelles move by facilitated diffusion in the cell

Value: 10

1. Prokaryotic cells lack:

a. a. A nucleus

b. organelles

c. cell membrane

d. DNA

e. A and B

Value: 11

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER)

a. a. Makes cell membranes

b. has ribosomes attached

c. are a site of protein synthesis

d. all of the above

Value: 12

Match the items.

The task is to match the lettered items with the correct numbered items. Appearing below is a list of lettered items. Following that is a list of numbered items. Each numbered item is followed by a drop-down. Select the letter in the drop down that best matches the numbered item with the lettered alternatives.

a. help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.
b. Takes in molecules in transport vesicles, modifies them, and sends them back out in vesicles
c. makes sugar
d. makes ATP
e. assembles the ribosomes
f. gives the cell structure
g. move material around the cell

1. vesicles	a b c d e f g
2. cytoskeleton	a b c d e f g
3. the golgi apparatus	a b c d e f g
4. lysosomes	a b c d e f g
5. mitochondrion	a b c d e f g
6. chloroplast	a b c d e f g
7. nucleolus

BIOL130 Study Guide - Midterm Guide: Glycolipid, Organic Compound, Protein Domain

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