BIOL130L Study Guide - Final Guide: Relative Permittivity, Amylopectin, Centrifugation

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violetlizard841

6 Feb 2016

School

University of Waterloo

Department

Biology

Course

BIOL130L

Professor

Dragana Miskovic

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Document Summary

There are four types of macromolecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. Honey and beer (4 and 10) can give false protein results because of their original colour. Iodine test: tests for starch, amylose, amylopectin and glycogen. Benedict"s test: tests for reducing sugars (maltose, lactose, glucose). Produces precipitate ranging from red, yellow, green, orange and brown. Biuret"s test: tests for proteins- turns purple upon detection. Learn every step of this lab and why it is done. (ie what is being isolated, centrifuged, dissolved, etc. ?) Centrifugation: separation by density resulting in supernatant (liquid at the top) and pellet (solide at the bottom). Purpose of adding salt is to neutralize negative charge on dna by forming a positive cloud around it (salt dissociates into + and ions) Ethanol is used for precipitation as it has a lower dielectric constant than other polar organic solvents. Success= only amino acids in hydrolyzed proteins fraction; intact proteins in unhydrolyzed".

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Experiment 1: Testing for Proteins

Data Tables

Table 1: Testing for Proteins Results

Sample	Initial Color	Final Color	Is Protein Present?
1. Albumin Solution
2. Gelatin Solution
3. Glucose
4. Water
5. Unknown

Post-Lab Questions

Record your hypothesis about what will happen when Biuret solution is mixed with the solutions from test tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4 here. Be sure to use scientific reasoning to support your hypothesis.

Write a statement to explain the molecular composition of the unknown solution based on the results obtained during testing with the Biuret solution and each sample solution.

Diet and nutrition are closely linked to the study of biomolecules. How should you monitor your food intake to ensure the cells in your body have the materials necessary to function?

There are other types of reagents used to determine what type of biomolecule a substance is. For example, copper ions present in Benedictâs reagent reacts with the free end of any reducing sugars, such as glucose, when heated. Originally blue in color, these copper ions are reduced by the sugar, and produce an orange-red colored precipitate. Alternatively, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI) may also be used when working with starch. IKI contains special tri-iodine ions which interact with the coiled structure of a starch polymer. Prior to a reaction, the IKI displays a yellow-brown color; however, after reacting with starch, a dark purple or black color is presented.

The molecule pictured below produced a blue color when tested with Benedictâs reagent, a yellow color when tested with IKI, and a violet color when tested with Biuret reagent. Based on the structure shown below and these chemical results, what kind of biomolecule is this?

Table 1: Testing for Proteins Results
Sample	Initial Color	Final Color	Protein Present
1 - Albumin Solution
2 - Gelatin Solution
3 - Glucose
4 - Water
5 - Unknown

Post-Lab Questions

Record your hypothesis about what will happen when Biuretsolution is mixed with the solutions from test tubes 1, 2, 3, and 4here. Be sure to use scientific reasoning to support yourhypothesis.

Write a statement to explain the molecular composition of theunknown solution based on the results obtained during testing withthe Biuret solution and each sample solution.

Diet and nutrition are closely linked to the study ofbiomolecules. How should you monitor your food intake to insure thecells in your body have the materials necessary to function?

There are other types of reagents used to determine what typeof biomolecule a substance is. For example, copper ions present inBenedictâs reagent reacts with the free end of any reducing sugars,such as glucose, when heated. Originally blue in color, thesecopper ions are reduced by the sugar, and produce an orange-redcolored precipitate. Alternatively, iodine-potassium iodide (IKI)may also be used when working with starch. IKI contains specialtri-iodine ions which interact with the coiled structure of astarch polymer. Prior to a reaction, the IKI displays ayellow-brown color; however, after reacting with starch, a darkpurple or black color is presented.

The molecule pictured below produced ablue color when tested with Benedictâs reagent, a yellow color whentested with IKI, and a violet color when tested with Biuretreagent. Based on the structure shown below and these chemicalresults, what kind of biomolecule is this?

chocolateskunk83

Thinking about macromolecules and how their monomers come together to form the polymer match the following. A. glycosidic bonds B. phosphodiester C. ester bonds D. peptide bonds E. monosaccharaides F. amino acids G. nucleotides

1. Monomeric units of protein

2. Monomeric units of DNA

3. Monomeric units of carbohydrates

4. Monomeric units of a lipid

5. Proteins are held together by

6. The bond type that joins adjacent monomers in DNA and RNA

7. Carbohydrates like glycogen are formed by the bonding glucose molecules together via

8. The glycerol backbone of a lipid is bonded to the fatty acid tails by

9. These monomers have a amino group on one end and a carboxylic acid on the other.

10. Î±1-4 and Î²1-4 are two different types of this bond.

BIOL130L Study Guide - Final Guide: Relative Permittivity, Amylopectin, Centrifugation

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