BIOL165 Midterm: 165 midterm 2

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Traits of plants: plants are chlorophyllous organisms with archegonia and complex embryo development. Venter on bottom, neck cells up at top, egg cell in center: antheridia are simple spheres producing sperm inside. More evolved has reduce antheridia and only a few developing sperm cells. Flowering plants have them reduced to two nuclei. Meiosis spores adult male and female thallus antheridium and archegonium. Egg and sperm: general trend is from dom gameto to dom sporo. Increasing # layers of tissue surrounding the embryo and gameto. May have elongated stalk: hornworts: multilobed, flattened thalli and elongated narrow sporangia like horns, mosses: small leafy plants, sporangia has central sterile column. Spores turn into protonema which turns into an adult thallus. Female spikey gametophyte has archegoniophore which looks like a jellyfish tentacles are archegonium. Male leafy gameto has flat antheridiophore with antheridium dots. Fertilization in archegonium and the zygote develops into the sporophyte. Spores germinate or not to form protonemas.

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