[BIOL 273] - Final Exam Guide - Everything you need to know! (29 pages long)

• School: University of Waterloo
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIOL273
• Professor: Vivian Dayeh

Document Summary

Receptor-channel: binding of the ligand will either open or close the channel. Receptor-enzyme: the binding of the ligand will activate an intracellular enzyme. Dag remains in the membrane and causes protein kinase c which continues the signal cascade. Ip3 enters the cytoplasm and binds to a calcium channel on the endoplasmic reticulum, which lets calcium diffuse out of the er and into the cytoplasm. Signal transduction: is how an extracellular signal molecule coming from outside the cell activates a membrane receptor that alters intracellular molecules to create a response. The extracellular signal molecule is the first messenger. The intracellular molecule system forms the second messenger system. This whole process is like a cascade- the product from the first step is needed for the next step and etc until a product is formed. Competition: if a protein can bind to several different ligands, competition arises between different ligands. Agonists are competing ligands that mimic each other"s actions, turn receptors on.